Some considerations on the toughness properties of ferritic stainless steels—A brief review

Zwieten, A.C.T.M. Van; Bulloch, J.H.

doi:10.1016/0308-0161(93)90114-9

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Grubb et al [22] have suggested that embrittlement arises from the flow stress increase associated with ␣ -precipitation (i.e. 475 • C embrittlement) and that this can be readily understood using the approach of Cottrell [23,24], which provides a useful basis for understanding the micromechanics of brittle fracture even though the model does not encompass all the practical modes of crack initiation. Ferritic stainless steels generally display a substantial increase in lattice friction stress upon rapid cooling, which leads to an increase in the DBTT, in accordance with Cottrell that predicted brittle fracture with grain size as a variable, will occur when:…”

Section: Embrittlement By the Laves Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Laves phase embrittlement of the ferritic stainless steel type AISI 441

Sello

Stumpf

2010

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Section: Embrittlement By the Laves Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Laves phase embrittlement of the ferritic stainless steel type AISI 441

Sello

Stumpf

2010

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…The titanium and niobium contents required to stabilize the steel in the molten zone have been chosen from these values using practical stabilization formula, which are more common than stoechiometric formula [3][4][5][6]:…”

Section: Metal Core Wire Development and Welding Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the niobium excess remaining in solid solution in ferritic matrix can improve the mechanical strength at high temperature, the titanium excess has generally a detrimental effect on the toughness, so its content must be adapted to the C and N content in the material [2]. To help to the determination of titanium and niobium contents required for a complete stabilization, some authors proposed "practical formula", more suited than stoechiometric formula [3][4][5][6]. The addition of Ti and Nb can also limit grain growth during the welding cycle, which is an important problem for ferritic stainless steels, by pinning effect thanks to the formation of precipitates at grain boundaries [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weldability of New Ferritic Stainless Steel for Exhaust Manifold Application

Villaret¹,

Deschaux-Beaume²,

Fortain³

et al. 2012

AMR

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Abstract. In the current context of fossil energy scarcity, car manufacturers have to optimize vehicles energy efficiency. This global and continuous improvement includes a change of the exhaust manifold design. Usually in cast iron, exhaust manifolds tend to be mechanically welded in order to fit new constraints such as lightness, durability, efficiency and small size. To achieve such requirements, ferritic stainless steels with high chromium content (19%) and molybdenum (2%) are developed. For the welding, the use of existing filler wire does not satisfy fully the application requirements. This leads to oxidation problems and / or thermal fatigue strength that drastically reduces assembly lifetime. New flux cored wires are developed in the context of this study in order to provide molten zone characteristics close to those of the base metal. Different chemical compositions are tested in order to highlight the influence of stabilizing element on microstructure. Welding tests revealed the major influence of titanium on the grain refinement in the molten zone. A minimum Ti content of 0.45 weight % in the filler wire is required to be efficient as grain refiner.

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“…[1,2] High-Cr ferritic steels are generally susceptible to intergranular corrosion and embrittlement, which exacerbate steel production and processing. [3,4] Furthermore, ferritic steels exhibit lower high-temperature strength and creep resistance compared to austenitic steels with a similar chromium content. However, due to their lower thermal expansion coefficient, ferritic steels have a higher thermal fatigue resistance compared to austenitic grades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution of the Laves Phase in Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels During Long-term Annealing and its Influence on the High-Temperature Strength

Nabiran

Klein

Weber

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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Heat-resistant ferritic steels containing Laves phase precipitates were designed supported by thermodynamic modeling. High-temperature compression tests at 1173.15 K (900°C) and a detailed characterization of the microstructural evolution during annealing at 1173.15 K (900°C) were carried out to investigate the effect of Laves phase formation on the high-temperature strength. Due to the addition of W/Mo and/or Nb, the high-temperature strength of the newly designed alloys is significantly higher than that of the reference steels. However, the high-temperature strength of all investigated steels decreases slightly as the annealing time is increased up to 1440 hours. To determine the influence of Laves phase formation and coarsening on the high-temperature strength during long-term annealing, the precipitates were extracted from the ferritic matrix in different annealing states. The phases in the powder residue were determined by XRD, and the chemical composition of the Laves phase in dependence of the annealing time was analyzed by EDS measurements.

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Some considerations on the toughness properties of ferritic stainless steels—A brief review

Cited by 52 publications

References 19 publications

Laves phase embrittlement of the ferritic stainless steel type AISI 441

Laves phase embrittlement of the ferritic stainless steel type AISI 441

Weldability of New Ferritic Stainless Steel for Exhaust Manifold Application

Evolution of the Laves Phase in Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels During Long-term Annealing and its Influence on the High-Temperature Strength

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