Some Considerations of Multichannel Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve in the Profoundly Deaf; Interfacing Electrode Arrays with the Auditory Nerve Array

Merzenich, Michael M.; White, Mark; Vivion, Michael C.; Leake-Jones, Patricia A.; Walsh, Shiela

doi:10.3109/00016487909126407

Cited by 116 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Experimental evidence of these highly restricted representations using the radial bipolar configuration in cats has been reported ͑van den Honert and Stypulkowski, 1987;Snyder et al, 1990͒. Although the radial bipolar configuration generated some very narrow STCs in some animals in this study the mean selectivity was greatest for the offset radial configuration. The trend to broader representation with increased interelectrode spacing, seen in limited numbers of animals studied in previous experiments ͑Merzenich et al., 1979;Snyder et al, 1990͒, was also observed in all animal groups in this study. However, this difference was statistically significant in only the neonatally deafened animals studied at less than 1.5 years of age.…”

Section: Bipolar Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The effect of electrode configuration and duration of deafness on threshold and selectivity of responses to intracochlear electrical stimulation

Rebscher

Snyder

Leake

2001

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This report examines the effects of intracochlear electrode configuration and mode of stimulation (bipolar or monopolar) on neural threshold and spatial selectivity in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the cat. Single and multiunit IC recordings were made in three groups of animals; acutely deafened adults (controls), neonatally deafened animals studied at 6 to 18 months of age and neonatally deafened cats studied at 2.5 to 6.5 years. Response thresholds were plotted versus IC depth to measure the spatial distribution of responses. The response selectivity for each stimulating configuration was defined as the width of the resulting spatial tuning curve (STC) measured at 6 dB above threshold. Spiral ganglion cell (SG) survival was examined histologically in all neonatally deafened animals and correlated with physiological results. Animals studied at less than 1.5 years had SG densities of 23.5%-64.4% of normal (mean=42.7%) while animals studied at greater than 2.5 years had densities of 5.1%-18.3% of normal (mean=9.9%). Electrophysiological results include the following. (1) Monopolar thresholds were 7-8 dB lower than bipolar thresholds in the same animals. (2) Varying the configuration of bipolar contacts (measured as radial, offset radial and longitudinal pairs) did not systematically affect IC threshold in either controls or short-term neonatally deafened animals. In contrast, the long-term neonatally deafened animals showed a difference in threshold with each configuration. (3) The spatial distributions (Q(6 dB)) of responses to bipolar stimulation were approximately 40% more restricted than those for monopolar stimulation. (4) The spatial selectivity of neonatally deafened animals studied at ages up to 1.5 years was equal to that of control animals with normal auditory experience. However, selectivity was degraded in the older animals. (5) Selectivity was decreased in some animals with the longitudinal bipolar configuration and multiple response peaks were seen in several cases using this stimulus configuration.

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Section: Bipolar Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The effect of electrode configuration and duration of deafness on threshold and selectivity of responses to intracochlear electrical stimulation

Rebscher

Snyder

Leake

2001

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…As noted earlier, an obvious difference in electrically-evoked inferior colliculus (IC) vs acoustically-evoked IC responses was evident in temporally evoked patterns of activity (Merzenich et al, 1974a;Merzenich, 1975;Merzenich et al, 1979;Merzenich, 1983a;White, 1984). Electrical stimuli evoked more-simultaneous nerve array excitation.…”

Section: Addressing Issues Related To Controlling Patterns Of Auditormentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In our earliest studies, we assumed that multichannel cochlear implants were most likely to be implemented in one of two forms (Merzenich, 1975;Merzenich et al, 1977;Merzenich et al, 1979;Merzenich et al, 1980a). A first model form would simulate, as faithfully as possible, the normal distributed patterns of auditory nerve inputs delivered from the inner ear to the brainstem, achieved via patterned multi-site electrical stimulation.…”

Section: Addressing Issues Related To Controlling Patterns Of Auditormentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We then applied a single unit response mapping strategy via recording in the inferior colliculus (IC) to define electrical 'tuning curves' generated by those cochlear electrodes (Merzenich et al, 1974a;Merzenich, 1975;Merzenich et al, 1974bMerzenich et al, , 1977Merzenich et al, , 1979. That electrode mapping, conducted with Mark White and Mariam Reid, was relatively easily achieved by taking advantage of the fact that there is an aligned map of sound frequency for both ears that can be easily reconstructed across the tonotopic axis of the central nucleus of the IC.…”

Section: Addressing Issues Related To Controlling Patterns Of Auditormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early UCSF contributions to the development of multiple-channel cochlear implants

Merzenich

2015

Hearing Research

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The early contributions of the UCSF cochlear implant (CI) research team to the development of multiple-channel cochlear implants from about 1971 through the mid-1980s are briefly summarized. Scientists at UCSF conducted fundamental studies related to device safety, the control of patterned electrical stimulation, and the designs of intracochlear electrode arrays, coders, and implanted multiple-channel electrode drivers. They conducted many original studies documenting parameters of hearing with cochlear implants relevant to next-generation CI designs. On these bases, the UCSF team constructed early models of multichannel devices that were progenitors of the Advanced Bionics' Clarion CI. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled .

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“…The results showed that with bipolar stimulation from electrodes on a mold of the scala tympani, the current could be localized to separate groups of nerve fibers . The current distribution for bipolar stimulation, however, varied depending on the orientation of the electrode pair and the presence or absence of peripheral processes (dendrites) of spiral ganglion cells (Merzenich et al 1979).…”

Section: Physiological Biological and Engineering Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cochlear Implants

Clark¹

2003

270

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Some Considerations of Multichannel Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve in the Profoundly Deaf; Interfacing Electrode Arrays with the Auditory Nerve Array

Cited by 116 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of electrode configuration and duration of deafness on threshold and selectivity of responses to intracochlear electrical stimulation

The effect of electrode configuration and duration of deafness on threshold and selectivity of responses to intracochlear electrical stimulation

Early UCSF contributions to the development of multiple-channel cochlear implants

Cochlear Implants

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