Some common mushrooms and how to know them /

Abstract

This may be easily determined by using the method explained on page 4. Further points of difference are to be found in the presence or absence of the volva or of the veil, in the shape of the pileus, attachment of the gills, shape and marking of the stem, manner of growth, habitat, or some other distinguishing feature. WHITE-SPORED AGARICS Plants soft or more or less fleshy, soon decaying, not reviving well when moistened: Ring or volva or both present Genus Volva and ring both present Amanita. Volva present, ring absent Amanitopsis. Volva absent, ring present Gills free from stem Lepiota. Gills attached to the stem Armillaria. Ring and volva both absent Stem excentric or lateral Pletjrotus. Stem central Gills decurrent Edge blunt, foldlike, forked Caxtharellus. Edge thin, stem fibrous outside Clitocybe. Edge thin, stem cartilaginous outside Omphalia. Gills sinuate, general structure fleshy Tricholoma. Gills adnate or adnexed Cap rather fleshy, margin incurved when young Collybia. Cap thin, margin of cap at first straight, mostly bell-shaped Mycena. Cap fleshy, gills very rigid and brittle, stem stout Milk present Lactaritjs. Milk absent Russhla. Gills various, often decurrent, adnate or only adnexed, edge thin, thick at junction of cap, usually distant, waxy Hygrophorus. Plants coriaceous, tough, fleshy, or membranaceous, reviving when moistened : Stem generally central, substance of cap noncontinuous with that of stem, gills thin, often connected by veins or ridges Marasmius. Stem central, excentric, lateral, or absent, substance of cap continuous with that of stem Edge of gills toothed or serrate Lentinus. Edge of gills not toothed or serrate Panus. Edge of gills split into two laminae and revolute Schizophylltjm. Plants corky or woody, gills radiating Lenzites. 3 See the Glossary, p. 59, for definitions of technical terms. 5 CIRCULAR 14 3, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EOSY-SPOEED AGABICS Genus Stem excentric or absent and pilens lateral Claudopl's Stem central: Volva present, annulus wanting Volvabia Volva and annulus absent Gap easily separating from stem, gills free Plttteus Cap confluent with stem, gills sinuate Entoloma. OCHEE-SPORED AGAEICS («POEES YELLOW OB BBOWN) Gills easily separable from flesh of cap: Margin of cap incurved, gills more or less decurrent forked or connected with veinlike reticulations Paxlllus. Gills not easily separable from flesh of cap: Universal veil present, arachnoid Cortinarius. Universal veil absent Ring present Pholiota. Ring absent Stem central Cap turned in Naucoria. Cap not turned in Galera. Stem excentric or none Crepldotus. PURPLE-BROWN SPORED AGARICS Cap easily separating from stem, gills usually free Agaricus. Cap not easily separating from stem, gills attached Ring present Stropharia. Ring absent, veil remaining attached to margin of cap Hypholoma. BLACK-SPOBED AGARICS Gills deliquescing, cap thin, ring present in some species Copbinus. Gills not deliquescing Considerable variation in shape may be observed among individual specimens of a single collection. The cap...

Jakob Emanuel Lange: The man and his mushrooms

“…Straightaway, she came from Cornell to the Bureau of Plant industry in 1903 and carried on her work in the Office of Mycological Collections and its successors from that date until her retirement from government service in 1942. While her formal occupation dealt with plant pathogens, especially of imported plants, her bulletin on “Mushrooms and other common fungi” in 1913, with Flora Patterson ( Galloway 1928 ; Patterson and Charles 1915 ; Charles 1929 ; Rossman 2002 ) spawned later bulletins on the same subject ( Charles 1917 , 1931 ) and another just a few months before the Langes’ visit ( Charles 1931 ; Rossman 2008 )). Vera Charles participated in the Cornell Forays and, during Lange’s Washington visit, they were able to do some mushroom hunting in the nearby suburbs (MycoPortal).…”

Mushroom Poisoning

“…Amanita phalloïdes (death cup, destroying angel, deadly Amanita, Fig. 1 Three cases of mycetismus, probably caused by the toxin, muscarine, have been reported from the Poison Information Center of the Connecticut State Department of Health. Charles x describes this fungus as follows: "In the death cup the color of the cap ranges from white or lemon to olive or brownish.…”