Some Auscultatory and Phonocardiographic Findings Observed in Early Infancy

Characteristics of Fetal Heart Sounds and Murmurs in the Second Half of Gestation

“…The small incidence of systolic murmurs in our group of newborns differs from that reported by some others [31,32]. Loud murmurs were recorded only on the two children with congenital heart disease, and in a third who at autopsy showed an acute myocardial infarction.…”

Murmur of Persistent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants

“…Previous work has shown that a functional systolic murmur indistinguishable from that heard in normal children may be heard in 80% of normal term infants by the end of the first week of life (Hallidie-Smith, 1960). However, such murmurs are uncommon in premature infants less than 1 month of age (Hallidie-Smith, unpublished) and characteristically are low pitched, heard best at the lower left sternal edge, and persistent.…”

“…These infants all weighed less than 2 5 kg at birth and the majority were of less than 37 weeks' gestation. They were examined in an attempt to compare the clinical cardiovascular findings of premature infants with those already described in term infants (Hallidie-Smith, 1960). 50 of these infants were examined within the first 24 hours of birth, then daily until their discharge or for a maximum of 6 weeks and at subsequent follow-up visits until 1 year of age.…”

Evaluation of Some Electro- and Phonocardiographic Characteristics of the Newborn Infant

“…If intensity characteristics are taken into consideration without further identifying the origin of the components, there is an overall agreement on the shift of maximum intensity from the second to the first component and back again during the approximate time period of left ventricular overload [1,7,18,33].…”

“…Besides the ductus murmur, transient in character, indicating the closure of the ductus arteriosus, the pronounced alterations in the central circulatory pattern in the newborn period are known to be as sociated with changes in the characteristics of the second heart sound as well as with some typical features in the precordial T-wave pattern. Although the literature pertaining to these cardiac signals is abundant and their occurrence well-documented [4,7,12,17,18,33,[35][36][37][38], their significance is a matter of discussion, and no truly conclusive in terpretation as to the hemodynamic events giving rise to them has as yet been put forward [17,23,38,65].…”