Some aspects of tri‐allate volatility

Hance, R. J.; Holroyd, J.; McKone, C. E.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780040103

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…All three tested herbicides were deactivated after exposure on a wet soil surface. Greater losses on moist than on dry soil have been reported for volatile herbicides (Gray & Weierich, 1965;Hance, Holroyd & McKone, 1973;Horowitz, 1966;Parochetti, Hein & Colby, 1971;Parochetti and Warren, 1966) and for relatively low volatile herbicides (Kearney, Sheets & Smith, 1964). Several factors are probably involved: due to competition between the herbicide and water for adsorptive sites, a smaller fraction of the applied herbicide is adsorbed in moist than in dry soil; the upward movement of evaporating water maintains the herbicide near the surface and exposed to factors of dissipation; in the moist soil microbiological processes start to degrade the herbicide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dissipation through photodecomposition and volatilization can reduce severely the activity of herbicides which remain exposed on the soil surface, especially in a warm climate. Since soil conditions affect the rate of dissipation of herbicides (Gray & Weierich, 1965;Hance, Holroyd & McKone, 1973;Horowitz, 1966;Parochetti & Warren, 1966, 1968, suitable conditions of the top soil at the time of application or thereafter, could minimize the loss of herbicide until it is leached into the soil and activated by rain or irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil conditions affecting the dissipation of diuron, fluometuron and propham from the soil surface*

Horowitz¹,

Herzlinger²

1974

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Diuron and fluometuron at 0–6 kg/ha and propham at 4 kg/ha were sprayed on the soil surface and left exposed for 2 weeks to hot and sunny weather. All three herbicides were completely deactivated when sprayed on wet soil; on air‐dry soil a smaller but appreciable loss of diuron and propham was recorded. Shallow incorporation after spraying on dry soil reduced greatly the dissipation. A light irrigation after spraying or after 1 week of exposure increased the loss of the herbicide. Conditions du sol affectant la disparition du diuron, du fluomituron et du prophame de la surfaee du sol Le diuron et le fluométuron à 0,6 kg/ha et le propham à 4 kg/ha ont été appliqués en pulvérisation à la surface du sol et laissés exposés pendant deux semaines à la chaleur et à un temps ensoleillé. Les trois herbicides ont été complétement inactiveés lorsqu'ils ont été appliqués sur un sol humide; sur un sol séchéà l'air, il a été enregistrée une perte faible mais appréciable, de diuron et de prophame. Une incorporation superficielle aprés la pulvérisation sur un sol sec réduisit beaucoup la dégradation. Une irrigation légére aprés la pulvérisation ou aprés une semaine d'exposition augmenta la perte d'herbicide. Bodenverfidltnisse, die den Verlust von Diuron, Fluometuron und Propham eon der Bodenoberflache bedingen Diuron und Fluometuron wurden mit 0–6 kg/ha und Propham mit 4 kg/ha auf die Bodenoberfläche gespritzt, wo sie zwei Wochen lang, heissem und sonnigem Wetter ausgesetzt waren. Wurde auf nassen Boden gespritzt, dann wurden alle drei Herbizide vollständig desaktiviert; bei lufttrockenem Boden wurde ein geringer, aber deutlicher Verlust vonDiuron und Propham beobachtet. Flache Einarbeitung nachder Spritzung erniedrigte bei trockenem Boden den Verlust sehr. Leichte Beregnung nach dem Spritzen, oder eine Woche nach dem die Herbizide an der Bodenoberflache dem Wetter ausgesetzt waren, erhöhte den Herbizidverlust.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil conditions affecting the dissipation of diuron, fluometuron and propham from the soil surface*

Horowitz¹,

Herzlinger²

1974

Weed Research

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“…The half-lives look very short for the more lipophilic compounds, but agree with experimental results. Woodrow et al (1986) found that high rates of herbicidal oils evaporated with t\ less than an hour and Hance et al (1973) found 50% loss of tri-( Tb % 400 °C and log Aow % 4) in 3 days from wet soil at 20 °C.…”

Section: Volatilization From Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the behaviour of pesticides in soil from their physical and chemical properties

1990

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Increasingly stringent environmental requirements for pesticides mean that both biological activity and favourable environmental behaviour must be assessed at an early stage in pesticide discovery. Soil behaviour is governed by the physical properties of the molecule: partition coefficient, dissociation constant, vapour pressure and melting point, which control potential movement under particular soil and environmental conditions and the soil persistence. Established chemical structure-physical property correlations generally allow physical properties to be estimated for the large number of compounds in a synthesis programme with adequate precision. Stability to chemical or biological transformations in soil is more difficult to estimate but a combination of measurement for a few compounds and analogy with known chemical and biological transformation rates for various functional groups can give useful structure-stability correlations.

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“…Banting (1961) indicated that triallate vapors may be involved in the herbicidal activity of soil-incorporated triallate . The volatility of triallate is lower with the GR than EC forms and is the lowest with the GR form in dry soil (Hance et al 1973 Nitrogen is equally available to wheat regardless of the method of application.…”

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confidence: 90%