The proto-oncogenefps/fes encodes a distinctive type of protein-tyrosine kinase. We identified a Drosophila gene (dfps85D) whose product resembles the proteins encoded by vertebratefps/fes and the closely related gene fer. dfps85D is located at chromosomal position 85D10-13 and is unlikely to correspond to any previously defined genetic locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Expression of the gene is entirely zygotic in origin and occurs throughout the life cycle. But hybridization in situ revealed that the pattern of expression is specialized and evolves in a provocative manner. The most notable feature of expression is the diversity of developmental periods, tissues, and cells in which it occurs. In some tissues, expression is transient; in others, it is continuous. Expression occurs in both mitotic and terminally differentiated tissue and, at various times in development, is prominent in imaginal disks, gut, muscle, testes, ovaries, retina, and other neural tissues. It appears that the use of dfps85D is more diversified than that of other Drosophila protein-tyrosine kinases reported to date and contrasts sharply with the restricted expression of fps itself in vertebrates. The detailed description of expression provided here will help guide the search for mutants in dfps85D.Protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) provide diverse functions in the governance of cellular phenotype (20). These enzymes fall mainly into two varieties: those that span the plasma membrane and serve as cell surface receptors for growth factors, and those that are located in the cytoplasm, often in association with membranes. With the exception of cell surface receptors that bind known ligands, the physiological purposes of PTKs remain enigmatic. One approach to this enigma is to seek mutations in genes of Drosophila melanogaster that encode PTKs. Seven such genes have been described to date: counterparts of the proto-oncogenes src (37) and abl (18); a previously unidentified PTK gene, designated Dsrc28C to denote its kinship to src and its chromosomal location (11); and four genes that encode cell surface receptors, including sevenless (12), torso (40), the gene for the insulin receptor (31), and DER, which resembles the vertebrate genes erbBI and NEU (26).Among the cytoplasmic PTKs is a protein encoded by a gene known as eitherfps (avian isolates) orfes (mammalian isolates) (15). Versions offps and fes were first encountered as retroviral oncogenes (v-fps and v-fes) but have since been isolated as proto-oncogenes from several vertebrate species. In addition, a closely related gene designated fer has been identified in rodent and human DNA (16, 30).Here we report the isolation of a Drosophila gene that is related to vertebratefps/fes andfer, and we describe the use of hybridization in situ to chronicle expression of the gene during the Drosophila life cycle. The expression of dfps85D is exceptionally diversified and dynamic when compared given here will help guide the search for mutants with mutations in dfps85D.
MATERIALS AND METHODSAnalysis of DN...