Some aspects of the formation of nitric oxide during the combustion of biomass fuels in a laboratory furnace

Olanders, Birgitta; Gunners, Nils-Erik

doi:10.1016/0961-9534(95)90406-l

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Table III. Comparison of plant results for the arrangement of preoxidizing, primary and secondary air supply against performance criteria for automatic wood "red furnaces (Nussbaumer, 1994 results are seen to conform well with those of Olanders and Gunners (1994) who studied NO V emissions in a batch fed laboratory furnace using several biomass fuels. The correlation coe$cient of the best-"t curve shown for all results is 0.88.…”

Section: Without the Deyector Platementioning

confidence: 53%

“…In any event the in#uence of fuel oxygen on overall aeraton is generally small and applies a maximum correction of less than 10 per cent to fuel bed oxygen loadings. For purposes of comparison the results obtained by Olanders and Gunners (1994) are shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Without Deyector Platementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other relevant work has been undertaken by Nussbaumer (1997) who has considered a range of methods for NO V minimization in biomass fuelled underfeed stokers using air staging. Olanders and Gunners (1994) have presented data on the in#uence of fuel bed aeration and fuel properties on NO V emissions from experiments using a laboratory batch feed grate combustor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance characteristics of the underfeed stoker using various air supply arrangements without de#ector plateRelationship between fuel-nitrogen conversion to NO V and bed aeration normalized to the air #ow rate at the stoichiometric condition; including the data ofOlanders and Gunners (1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOx control by air staging in a small biomass fuelled underfeed stoker

Purvis

Tadulan

Tariq

2000

Int. J. Energy Res.

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There is a need to develop improved designs of environmentally acceptable thermal plant for use in process industries in developing countries. Such plant may take advantage of the underfeed combustion principle which exhibits a tolerance towards smoke emission in the burning of high volatile matter biomass fuels. This paper describes an experimental investigation into the conversion of a small, 30 kW underfeed stoker from coal to wood chip firing. Two methods of air staging are considered for NOx abatement, including a novel air deflection technique. Comparisons are made between plant performances using the two methods. The results are also compared against representative values for coal firing. It was concluded that the air deflection technique showed potential as a means of NOx minimisation in small, underfeed stokers taking into account other requirements of adequate plant thermal efficiency and exhaust gas combustion quality. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Without the Deyector Platementioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Without Deyector Platementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOx control by air staging in a small biomass fuelled underfeed stoker

Purvis

Tadulan

Tariq

2000

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…This work also showed that, beyond 6% oxygen in the free stream (40% excess air for biomass fuels for complete combustion), no further significant increases in conversion of fuel nitrogen occurs. A more recent study (Olanders and Gunners, 1994) simulating grate-fired systems, shows that for 40% excess air in the fuel bed region (6% oxygen in the free stream) the percentage conversion of nitrogen is approximately 30% for biomass fuels. For biomass fuels (Grass and Jenkins, 1994) in well mixed fluidized beds, NO, emissions rise sharply as the nitrogen content of the fuel is increased, but above 0.15 gN, MJ-' (equivalent to about 0.3% nitrogen in the fuel on a dry, ash free basis) there was no further increase in NO, emission with increasing nitrogen content.…”

Section: Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOx emissions and thermal efficiencies of small scale biomass-fuelled combustion plant with reference to process industries in a developing country

Tariq

Purvis

1996

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Solid biomass materials are an important industrial fuel in many developing countries and also show good potential for usage in Europe within a future mix of renewable energy resources. The sustainable use of wood fuels for combustion relies on operation of plant with acceptable thermal efficiency. There is a clear link between plant efficiency and environmental impacts due to air pollution and deforestation. To supplement a somewhat sparse literature on thermal efficiencies and nitrogen oxide emissions from biomass-fuelled plants in developing countries, this paper presents results for tests carried out on 14 combustion units obtained during field trials in Sri Lanka. The plants tested comprised steam boilers and process air heaters. Biomass fuels included: rubber-wood, fuelwood from natural forests; coconut shells; rice husks; and sugar cane bagasse. Average NO, (NO and NO,) emissions for the plants were found to be 47 gNO, GJ-' with 18% conversion of fuel nitrogen. The former value is the range of NO, emission values quoted for combustion of coal in grate-fired systems; some oil-fired systems and systems operating on natural gas, but is less than the emission levels for the combustion of pulverized fuel and heavy fuel oil. This value is significantly within current European standards for NO, emission from large combustion plants. Average thermal efficiency of the plants was found to be 50%. Observations made on operational practices demonstrated that there is considerable scope for the improvement of this thermal efficiency value by plant supervisor training, drying of fuelwood and the use of simple instruments for monitoring plant performance.

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