Some Aspects of the Biology of Phlebotomine Sandfly Vectors

Ward, R. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3292-6_4

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…These behaviors were associated with aggregation pheromone in P. papatasi (Schlein et al 1984), P. argentipes (Lane et al 1990), and L. longipalpis (Ward et al 1988) characteristic of mammophilic sand ßies (Lane et al 1990). However, in crossing experiments between two sympatric populations of L. longipalpis, which possibly consisted of two sibling species, Ward (1989) reported that although courtship and copulation had taken place, no sperm was transferred into the spermatheca. It remains to be seen whether or not courtship is followed by copulation and sperm transfer among other closely related species of sandßies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Coadaptation of Male Aedeagal Filaments and Female Spermathecal Ducts of the Old World Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Ilango¹,

Lane

2000

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The morphology of insect genitalia is often highly species-specific, and its variation has been suggested as an important impetus for evolution. Structural variation of the male genitalia and the female spermathecae in Phlebotomine sand flies is unique among the blood sucking Diptera. We describe the fine structures involved in mating for Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli). Relationships among the length of the spermathecal duct and aedeagal filament were studied in 26 species of Old World phelebotomine sand flies comprising 12 subgenera. In most taxa the aedeagal filaments were very long allowing direct insemination into the spermathecae, indicating that intrasexual competition among males occurs as sperm precedence. There was a positive correlation between the lengths of the spermathecal ducts and aedeagal filaments, indicating that an evolutionary "arms race" occurs between males and females over the control of fertilization. The pattern of genitalia variation in phlebotomine sand flies also indicated that differences in the lengths of the spermathecal ducts and aedeagal filaments are distributed unevenly among closely related species. Genital differences do not seem to occur in populations of the Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti complex, whereas differences showed strongly in closely related Phlebotomus papatasi and P. bergeroti Parrot, and in sympatric Phlebotomus martini Parrot and P. celiae Minter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Coadaptation of Male Aedeagal Filaments and Female Spermathecal Ducts of the Old World Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Ilango¹,

Lane

2000

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“…For sand¯ies, temperature is known to affect the survival and the speed of development of the different stages in the life-cycle. Whereas colonies of tropical species are known to thrive at a constant 24± 30°C (Ward, 1989), it is necessary to maintain overwintering diapausing larvae of European species, such as P. ariasi, at 10°C (KillickKendrick and Killick-Kendrick, 1987). In the present study, the positive sites for P. orientalis were characterised by higher maximum and minimum daily temperature than the negative sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental determinants of the distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis in Sudan

Elnaiem¹

1998

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology

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Despite its importance as a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan, the ecology of Phlebotomus orientalis is still poorly understood. The results of a ground-based survey and a geographical-information-system (GIS) study, carried out to investigate the environmental determinants of the distribution of P. orientalis in the wooded areas of the central savannah belt of Sudan, are described here. The survey, carried out in April-June 1996, consisted of a collection of sandflies over two consecutive nights at each of 44 study sites, using three CDC, miniature, light traps at each site. During the survey, the ecology of each site was described. Phlebotomus orientalis was caught at 17 of the sites. Environmental data on the collection sites (rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures, soil class, vegetation and land-surface-temperature indices) were extracted from a range of sources of digital data collected by satellites in the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration's series. These data were then analysed, to ascertain which variables were significantly associated with sites positive for P. orientalis. In line with the results of previous studies, P. orientalis was found to have a significant association with the presence of the tree species Acacia seyal and Balanites aegyptiaca and with the black cotton (vertisolic) soils of eastern Sudan. The positive sites were found to have significantly higher annual mean maximum and minimum daily temperatures than the negative sites and the annual mean maximum normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) value was also found to be significantly higher in these sites than in sites where no P. orientalis were found.

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“…While sand ßies (Lutzomyia spp.) are recognized as important enzootic vectors of VSV-NJ, they are not believed to be important epizootic vectors because of their limited ßight range (Ward 1989). Black ßies have been on the list of suspected VSV-NJ epizootic vectors since the 1950s (Hanson 1952); however, the vectorial competence of black ßies for VSV-NJ using an animal model has only recently been documented (Mead et al 1999).…”

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confidence: 98%

Biological Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) bySimulium vittatum(Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

Mead¹,

Gray

Noblet

et al. 2004

J Med Entomol

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The role of hematophagous arthropods in vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype; VSV-NJ) transmission during epizootics has remained unclear for decades in part because it has never been shown that clinical or subclinical disease in a livestock host results from the bite of an infected insect. In this study, we investigated the ability of VSV-NJ-infected black flies (Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt) to transmit the virus to domestic swine, Sus scrofa L. Experimental evidence presented here clearly demonstrates that VSV-NJ was transmitted from black flies to the swine. Transmission was confirmed by seroconversion or by the presence of clinical vesicular stomatitis followed by seroconversion. Our results represent the first report of clinical vesicular stomatitis in a livestock host after virus transmission by an insect.

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Some Aspects of the Biology of Phlebotomine Sandfly Vectors

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

Coadaptation of Male Aedeagal Filaments and Female Spermathecal Ducts of the Old World Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Coadaptation of Male Aedeagal Filaments and Female Spermathecal Ducts of the Old World Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Environmental determinants of the distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis in Sudan

Biological Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) bySimulium vittatum(Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

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