Some Aspects of Surface Boiling

Abstract

An experiment is described in which the growth of vapor bubbles at a surface is followed in detail. Growth curves are obtained and shown to agree, within experimental error, with current theories of growth under idealized conditions, provided an average superheat present at the initiation of growth is used in the calculation. A criterion is proposed to permit an estimate of a delay time for vapor formation. The estimated delays are found to be in qualitative agreement with those measured.

An Experimental Investigation of High-Flux Free Convection Heat Transfer to Water Up to Near-Critical Conditions

“…The result of the qualitative investigation of the electrical conductivity of saturated liquid water is indicated in Figure 42. No data were found for water above 150°F, and the curve was plotted from the following equation (21,38,39,70); Electrical Conductivity = (AH + AQJ^) n-S/K/IOOO ohm cm"^ (27) The equivalent conductance A and the ionization constant K were obtained from reference 21, p. 374-380; reference 39, p. 646; and reference 38, p. 2608. The density p is for the saturated liquid water.…”

A survey of the literature on heat transfer from solid surfaces to cryogenic fluids

“…The calculations for helium performed with this formulation (figure 1) agree with the experinnental data of Karagounis ( figure 2) at 384-390 mm. Hg; however, at [40][41][42][43][44][45] nam. Hg the calculated Q/A is approximately ten, tinnes larger than the experinnental.…”

“…No experimental data were found for: natural convection without boiling for oxygen and nitrogen; forced convection without boiling for helium, hydrogen, and oxygen; forced convection with nucleate boiling for helium; and forced convection with film boiling for helium. 22,35,38,41,43,45,47,56,57,58,68,71,87,89,108, 110, 111, 152, 155 Correlations (theoretical and empirical)…”

“…II, 12, 13, 14, 15,18,19,20,25,28,31,34,37,41,42,43,44,46,47,48,49,52,53,54,55,60,64,66,67,69,71,72,73,74,81,84,86,87,90,93,94,97,98,100,105,108,109,III,112,119,123,124,128,133,136,138,140,…”

A Survey of the Literature on Heat Transfer From Solid Surfaces to Cryogenic Fluids

“…Acceleration of the Heating Surface (effect of) 52,56,77,78,79,95,153 Binary (two component) Fluids 11,72,74 Bubble Dynamics 6,7,22,35,38,41,43,45,47,56,57,58,68,71,87,89,108,110,111,152,155 Composition of Heating Surface (effect of) 29, 44,69,70,76,87,115 Contamination of Heating Surface (effect of) 3,4,20,24,63,69,90,115 Correlations (theoretical and empirical) II,12,13,14,15,18,19,20,25,28,…”