Some aspects of late Pleistocene-Holocene drainage of the River Thames in the eastern part of the London Basin

D'Olier, B.

doi:10.1098/rsta.1975.0059

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been 816 JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE shown that this is a fluvial terrace system belonging to a now drowned offshore valley (D'Olier, 1975;Bridgland et al, 1993;Bridgland and D'Olier, 1995), an extension of the Thames-Medway, which, prior to the Holocene transgression, flowed northeastwards towards Clacton. Analysis of the gravel at Barling and elsewhere in the area has revealed that the higher terraces in this staircase are formed of different gravel, which contains flint and southern rocks such as Greensand chert but lacks a distinctive suite of far-travelled rocks that appears in the lower terraces.…”

Section: Regional Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits at Barling, Essex, England: evidence for a longer chronology for the Thames terrace sequence

Bridgland

Preece

Roe

et al. 2001

J Quaternary Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Results are presented from a multidisciplinary study of fossiliferous interglacial deposits on the northern side of the Thames estuary. These fill a channel cut into London Clay bedrock and overlain by the Barling Gravel, a Thames-Medway deposit equivalent to the Lynch Hill and Corbets Tey Gravels of the Middle and Lower Thames, respectively. The channel sediments yielded diverse molluscan and ostracod assemblages, both implying fully interglacial conditions and a slight brackish influence. Pollen analysis has shown that the deposits accumulated during the early part of an interglacial. Plant macrofossils, particularly the abundance of Trapa natans, reinforce the interglacial character of the palaeontological evidence. A beetle fauna, which includes four taxa unknown in Britain at present, has allowed quantification of palaeotemperature using the mutual climatic range method (T max 17 to 26°C; T min −11 to 13°C). A few vertebrate remains have been recovered from the interglacial deposits, but a much larger fauna, as well as Palaeolithic artefacts, is known from the overlying Barling Gravel.The age of the interglacial deposits is inferential. The geological context suggests a late Middle Pleistocene interglacial, part of the post-diversion Thames system and therefore clearly post-Anglian. This conclusion is supported by amino acid ratios from the shells of freshwater molluscs. The correlation of the overlying Barling Gravel with the Lynch Hill/Corbets Tey aggradation of the Thames valley constrains the age of the Barling interglacial to marine oxygen isotope stages 11 or 9. The presence of Corbicula fluminalis and Pisidium clessini confirms a pre-Ipswichian (marine oxygen isotope substage 5e) age and their occurrence in the early part of the interglacial cycle at Barling precludes correlation with marine oxygen isotope stage 11, as these taxa occur only later in that interglacial at sites such as Swanscombe and Clacton. Thus by process of elimination a marine oxygen isotope stage 9 age would appear probable.

show abstract

Section: Regional Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits at Barling, Essex, England: evidence for a longer chronology for the Thames terrace sequence

Bridgland

Preece

Roe

et al. 2001

J Quaternary Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other notable offshore research has been carried out by D'Olier (1975;Bridgland andD'Olier, 1989, 1995), who has mapped the submerged extension of the Thames valley, which extends out into the southern North Sea off the coast of Essex (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Glacial Diversion Of the Rhine-thamesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary River Diversions in the London Basin and the Eastern English Channel

Bridgland¹,

Gibbard²

2007

gpq

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The principal river of the London basin, the Thames, has experienced a number of course changes during the Quaternary. Some, at least, of these are known to result directly from glaciation. In the early Quaternary the river flowed to the north of London across East Anglia to the north coast of Norfolk. By the early Middle Pleistocene it had changed its course to flow eastwards near the Suffolk - Essex border into the southern North Sea. The Thames valley to the north of London was blocked by ice during the Anglian/Elsterian glaciation, causing a series of glacial lakes to form. Overflow of these lakes brought the river into its modern valley through London. It is thought that this valley already existed by the Anglian in the form of a tributary of the north-flowing River Medway, which joined the old Thames valley near Clacton. Also during the Anglian/Elsterian glaciation. British and continental ice masses are thought to have joined in the northern part of the North Sea basin, causing a large lake to form between the east coast of England and the Netherlands. It is widely believed that the overflow from this lake caused the first breach in the Weald-Artois Ridge, bringing about the formation of the Strait of Dover. Prior to the glaciation the Thames, in common with rivers from the continent (including the Rhine and Meuse), flowed into the North Sea Basin. It seems that, after the lake overflow, these rivers together drained southwards into the English Channel. Whether this southern drainage route was adopted during all later periods of low sea level remains to be determined, but it seems certain that this was the case during the last glacial.De nombreuses captures ont modifé le cours de la Tamise et des autres fleuves du bassin de Londres au cours du Quaternaire. L'une d'entre elles au moins est le résultat direct des glaciations. Au Quaternaire inférieur. Ia Tamise coulait au nord de Londres à travers l'East Anglia, vers la côte nord du Norfolk. Au début du Pléistocène moyen, elle avait changé de cours pour se diriger vers l'est, à la frontière entre Essex et Suffolk, vers le sud de la mer du Nord. Au cours du maximum glaciaire de l'Anglien/Elstérien, les glaces ont bloqué la vallée de la Tamise au nord de Londres, provoquant la formation de lacs. La vidange de ces lacs a provoqué le déversement de la rivière vers sa basse vallée actuelle. Celle-ci existait déjà, mais était alors parcourue par un affluent de la Medway qui coulait vers le nord, et rejoignait l'ancienne vallée de la Tamise aux environs de Clacton. Il semble que durant les glaciations de l'Anglien et de l'Elstérien, les calottes glaciaires britannique et continentale étaient coalescentes dans la partie septentrionale du bassin de la mer du Nord. Il en est résulté la formation d'un vaste lac entre les côtes de l'Angleterre orientale, du Danemark et des Pays-Bas. L'écoulement de ce lac s'est probablement fait par la Manche, entre le Weald et le massif de l'Artois, provoquant la formation du Pas de Calais. Avant la glaciation. Ia Tamise confluait avec...

show abstract

“…(1992) and Laban (1995). Lowstand valley widths: Thames Estuary: D'Olier (1975), Maddy and Bridgland (2000), and Bridgland (2002); onshore Netherlands: Busschers et al . (2007); offshore Belgium/Netherlands: Mathys (2009), Ebbink and Laban (1996), and this study.…”

Section: Quaternary Palaeogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Acid/Metal Balance of Carbon Nanofiber‐Supported Nickel Catalysts for Hydrolytic Hydrogenation of Cellulose

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are a class of graphitic support materials with considerable potential for catalytic conversion of biomass. Earlier, we demonstrated the hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose over reshaped nickel particles attached at the tip of CNFs. The aim of this follow-up study was to find a relationship between the acid/metal balance of the Ni/CNFs and their performance in the catalytic conversion of cellulose. After oxidation and incipient wetness impregnation with Ni, the Ni/CNFs were characterized by various analytical methods. To prepare a selective Ni/CNF catalyst, the influences of the nature of oxidation agent, Ni activation, and Ni loading were investigated. Under the applied reaction conditions, the best result, that is, 76 % yield in hexitols with 69 % sorbitol selectivity at 93 % conversion of cellulose, was obtained on a 7.5 wt % Ni/CNF catalyst prepared by chemical vapor deposition of CH(4) on a Ni/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalyst, followed by oxidation in HNO(3) (twice for 1 h at 383 K), incipient wetness impregnation, and reduction at 773 K under H(2). This preparation method leads to a properly balanced Ni/CNF catalyst in terms of Ni dispersion and hydrogenation capacity on the one hand, and the number of acidic surface-oxygen groups responsible for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis on the other.

show abstract

Some aspects of late Pleistocene-Holocene drainage of the River Thames in the eastern part of the London Basin

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits at Barling, Essex, England: evidence for a longer chronology for the Thames terrace sequence

Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits at Barling, Essex, England: evidence for a longer chronology for the Thames terrace sequence

Quaternary River Diversions in the London Basin and the Eastern English Channel

Tuning the Acid/Metal Balance of Carbon Nanofiber‐Supported Nickel Catalysts for Hydrolytic Hydrogenation of Cellulose

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About