Some aspects of large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances which originate at conjugate locations in auroral zones, cross the equator and sometimes encircle the earth

Bowman, G. G.; Mortimer, I. K.

doi:10.5194/angeo-29-2203-2011

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…This TIDs mainly reported on interhemispherical crossover to different hemispheres [Hajkowicz and Hunsucker , 1987;Balthazor and Moffett, 1997;Bruinsma and Forbes, 2009;Bowman and Mortimer , 2011]. TIDs originating from the geomagnetic equator during storms have been rarely reported, despite having been suggested and numerically shown by Chimonas [1969].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional understanding has been that such equatorward disturbances can travel longer distances through mid-latitudes crossing over to another hemisphere [see Hajkowicz and Hunsucker , 1987;Balthazor and Moffett, 1997;Bruinsma and Forbes, 2009;Bowman and Mortimer , 2011]. Literature about storm-time poleward propagating TIDs (hereafter referred to as poleward TIDs) with no auroral origin is almost non-existent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the earlier work linking atmospheric gravity waves to auroral region processes in storm time events [Hines, 1960], a number of numerical and observational studies exist and physical understanding about equatorward propagating TIDs (hereafter referred to as equatorward TIDs) and their characteristics is well established [e.g., Balthazor and Moffett, 1997;Nicolls et al, 2004;Borries et al, 2009;Lei et al, 2008;Ngwira et al, 2012;Katamzi and Habarulema, 2014, and references therein]. The conventional understanding has been that such equatorward disturbances can travel longer distances through midlatitudes crossing over to another hemisphere [see Hajkowicz and Hunsucker, 1987;Balthazor and Moffett, 1997;Bruinsma and Forbes, 2009;Bowman and Mortimer, 2011]. Literature about storm time poleward propagating TIDs (hereafter referred to as poleward TIDs) with no auroral origin is almost nonexistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous storm time equatorward and poleward large‐scale TIDs on a global scale

Habarulema

Katamzi

Yizengaw

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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We report on the first simultaneous observations of poleward and equatorward traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during the same geomagnetic storm period on a global scale. While poleward propagating TIDs originate from the geomagnetic equator region, equatorward propagating TIDs are launched from the auroral regions. On a global scale, we use total electron content observations from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems to show that these TIDs existed over South American, African, and Asian sectors. The American and African sectors exhibited predominantly strong poleward TIDs, while the Asian sector recorded mostly equatorward TIDs which crossed the geomagnetic equator to either hemisphere on 9 March 2012. However, both poleward and equatorward TIDs are simultaneously present in all three sectors. Using a combination of ground‐based magnetometer observations and available low‐latitude radar (JULIA) data, we have established and confirmed that poleward TIDs of geomagnetic equator origin are due to ionospheric electrodynamics, specifically changes in E × B vertical drift after the storm onset.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous storm time equatorward and poleward large‐scale TIDs on a global scale

Habarulema

Katamzi

Yizengaw

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…One frequently observed feature during ionospheric storms is large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTID). Their observation is documented in many reports [e.g., Georges , ; Jakowski and Putz , ; Ho et al , ; Afraimovich et al , ; Bowman and Mortimer , ]. LSTIDs are wavelike moving structures observed in ionospheric measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Multiple ionospheric perturbations during the Saint Patrick's Day storm 2015 in the European‐African sector

et al. 2016

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Strong ionospheric perturbations were generated by the intense geomagnetic storm on 17 March 2015. In this article, we are studying perturbations in the European‐African sector observed in the total electron content (TEC). Focal points are wavelike phenomena considered as large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs). In the European‐African sector, the storm produced three different types of LSTIDs: (1) a concurrent TEC perturbation at all latitudes simultaneously; (2) one LSTID propagating toward the equator, having very large wave parameters (wavelength: ≈3600 km, period: ≈120 min, and speed: ≈500 m/s); and (3) several LSTIDs propagating toward the equator with typical wave parameters (wavelength: ≈2100 km, period: ≈60 min, and speed ≈600 m/s). The third type of LSTIDs is considered to be exited as most LSTIDs either due to variations in the Joule heating or variations in the Lorentz force, whereas the first two perturbation types are rather unusual in their appearance. They occurred during the partial recovery phase when the geomagnetic perturbations were minor and the interplanetary magnetic field turned northward. A westward prompt penetration electric field is considered to excite the first perturbation signature, which indicates a sudden TEC depletion. For the second LSTID type, variations in the Lorentz force because of perturbed electric fields and a minor particle precipitation effect are extracted as possible excitation mechanisms.

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“…Besides LSTIDs, medium-scale TIDs (MSTIDs) are typically measured at midlatitudes during both quiet and disturbed conditions, which have horizontal wavelengths of several hundred kilometers, propagation speeds of 100-250 m/s, and periods of 15-60 min. For many years, TIDs have been intensively observed and studied by using different techniques, such as ionosondes Bowman, 1992;Bowman & Mortimer, 2011), Doppler measurements of HF radars (Hayashi et al, 2010;Jacobson & Carlos, 1989), incoherent scatter radars (ISR; Kirchengast et al, 1996;Nicolls & Heinselman, 2007;Nicolls et al, 2004;van de Kamp et al, 2014), and all-sky airglow imagers (Shiokawa et al, 2003. Recently, with the rapid growing of worldwide Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, the structure and evolution of TID have been further studied by using high-resolution ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps (e.g., Ding et al, 2008Ding et al, , 2007Ding et al, , 2014Otsuka et al, 2013;Pradipta et al, 2016;Shiokawa et al, 2002;Tsugawa et al, 2003Tsugawa et al, , 2006Zakharenkova et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merging of Storm Time Midlatitude Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances and Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Zou

Ridley

et al. 2019

Space Weather

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Postsunset midlatitude traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) and equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were simultaneously observed over American sector during the geomagnetic storm on 8 September 2017. The characteristics of TIDs are analyzed by using a combination of the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar data and 2‐D detrended total electron content (TEC) from ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System receivers. The main results associated with EPBs are as follows: (1) stream‐like structures of TEC depletion occurred simultaneously at geomagnetically conjugate points, (2) poleward extension of the TEC irregularities/depletions along the magnetic field lines, (3) severe equatorial and midlatitude electron density (Ne) bite outs observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and Swarm satellites, and (4) enhancements of ionosphere F layer virtual height and vertical drifts observed by equatorial ionosondes near the EPBs initiation region. The stream‐like TEC depletions reached 46° magnetic latitudes that map to an apex altitude of 6,800 km over the magnetic equator using International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The formation of this extended density depletion structure is suggested to be due to the merging between the altitudinal/latitudinal extension of EPBs driven by strong prompt penetration electric field and midlatitude TIDs. Moreover, the poleward portion of the depletion/irregularity drifted westward and reached the equatorward boundary of the ionospheric main trough. This westward drift occurred at the same time as the sudden expansion of the convection pattern and could be attributed to the strong returning westward flow near the subauroral polarization stream region. Other possible mechanisms for the westward tilt are also discussed.

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Some aspects of large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances which originate at conjugate locations in auroral zones, cross the equator and sometimes encircle the earth

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Simultaneous storm time equatorward and poleward large‐scale TIDs on a global scale

Simultaneous storm time equatorward and poleward large‐scale TIDs on a global scale

Multiple ionospheric perturbations during the Saint Patrick's Day storm 2015 in the European‐African sector

Merging of Storm Time Midlatitude Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances and Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

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