Some aspects of health status of the Gypsy population in Slovakia

Abstract

Population of the Gypsy people living currently in Slovakia reaches approximately 400 000 people which represents 7.5 % of the total Slovak population. The age structure of the Gypsy population is of a considerably progressive type with a high number of children and very low number of old people. This is due to the high natality and high mortality of Gypsies, whose health status is worse than the health status of the majority population. Gypsy people represent an important "old-new" risk group in case of tuberculosis and a more frequent occurrence of other transmitted diseases is observed in them while a higher incidence of genetically conditioned diseases has been confi rmed, as well. As for children, a higher frequency of infectious diseases, injuries, intoxications and burns can be found as a result of their environmental conditions. A high level of infant mortality of the Gypsy children is a very negative phenomenon. We can state that the lifestyle of the Gypsy population is unhealthy, characterized by bad dietary habits, drinking alcohol, frequent smoking already in a very young age, higher weight and lower physical activity. All fi ndings confi rm that the Gypsy population is threatened by cardiovascular diseases at younger age already. Due to a more diffi cult approach to the health care, part of the Gypsies consult the physician only when in a serious health state. Health status of the Gypsy seniors has been reported only at minimum due to their low representation in population. Typical feature of this ethnic is, that they take care of their seniors. To prove this, during the author´s twenty seven-year practice he met just three old Gypsy women in social institutions. It is very diffi cult to address problems related to the Gypsy population; this task requires engagement of all spheres of our society, in particular of the Gypsies themselves, including their organizations (Ref. 50). Text in PDF www.elis.sk. Babinská I, Madarasová GeckováA, Jarčuška P et al. Does the population living in Gypsy settlements differ in physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption from the majority population in Slovakia? Centr Eur J Public Health, Supplement 2014; 22: S22-S27. 49. Belák A. Health-system limitations of Gypsy health in Slovakia. A qualitative study. Bratislava: WHO Country Offi ce, 2013: 54. 50. Kumanová Z, Džambazovič R. Rómska rodina: na rozhraní medzi tradicionalitou a modernitou. 503-526. In: Vašečka M (Ed). Čačipen pal o Gypsy. Súhrnná správa o Rómoch na Slovensku. Bratislava: IVO, 2002.

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