Some aspects of fundamental chemistry of the Universal Extraction (UNEX) process for the simultaneous separation of major radionuclides (cesium, strontium, actinides, and lanthanides) from radioactive wastes

Luther, Thomas A.; Herbst, Ronald; Peterman, Dean R.; Tillotson, Richard D.; Garn, Troy G.; Бабаин, В. А.; Смірнов, І. В.; Stoyanov, Evgenii S.; Antonov, N. G.

doi:10.1007/s10967-006-0114-9

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As we have shown, the D M(III) values in 1M HNO 3 are several orders of magnitude higher compared with synergic mixture of both components present at the same concentrations. The higher efficiency is a bit at the expense of low solubility of the ionic extractants in low polar hydrocarbons, but possibility of use of HMK/D mixture still represents an ecologically reasonable alternative of the auxiliary solvent, significantly better than the use nitrobenzene or fluorinated solvents necessary for processes employing synergic mixtures of organic ionophores and chlorinated bis(dicarbollide) [13][14][15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This robust liquid-liquid extraction procedure has been later developed into an industrial process currently called ''UNEX" [14,15]. Considering the use of halogen protected cobalt bis(dicarbollide) without functional groups, difficulties still persist in the extraction of trivalent a-emitters, although some synergic mixtures with polydentate ligands were designed and tested [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anionic alkyl diglycoldiamides with covalently bonded cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1−) ions for lanthanide and actinide extractions

Grüner¹,

Kvı́čalová²,

Selucký³

et al. 2010

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic alkyl diglycoldiamides with covalently bonded cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1−) ions for lanthanide and actinide extractions

Grüner¹,

Kvı́čalová²,

Selucký³

et al. 2010

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

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“…Both Ph 2 CMPO and Ph 4 MeDO were provided by Dr. Scott Herbst, INL Aqueous Separations & Radiochemistry. [36] The concentration and or volume of the organophosphoryl solution were adjusted to achieve an estimated surface coverage. The surface coverage was calculated as the ratio of the area occupied by the organophosphoryl molecules to the surface area of the sample.…”

Section: Experimental Section Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ongoing efforts in our laboratories have focused on development of novel complexing agents [35] useful for liquid-liquid extraction of radionuclides that in fact contain multiple functional groups. [36] Two of these compounds formed a basis for evaluating detectability bi-functional compounds on the surfaces of mineral oxide particles: carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (Ph 2 CMPO) contains phosphoryl-and amido-functional groups, and tetraphenylmethylene diphosphine dioxide (Ph 4 MeDO) contains two phosphoryl groups (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of bidentate phosphoryl compounds on soil particulates using SIMS

Groenewold

Gresham

Avci

et al. 2009

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The presence of organic compounds as surface contaminants on particles can provide valuable data about the particles environment, but identification can be analytically challenging. This is true particularly for compounds that have the potential for strong surface binding, such as compounds capable of multidentate attachment. Direct analysis using timeof-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was evaluated for characterization of soil particles contaminated with low concentrations of two bidentate organophosphoryl compounds, diphenyl-N,N-di-n-butylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide and tetraphenylmethylene diphosphine dioxide. Molecular ions were formed by cationization with H + and alkali elements Na + and K + that are indigenous to the particle surface chemistry. Spectra generated from a contaminated calcareous soil were dominated by K + -containing ions, whereas spectra from a sandy loam had more abundant Na + -species. Cation-bound dimers were also formed which favored incorporation of K + , and a unique aluminosilicate-phosphoryl conjugate cation was also formed when the diphosphoryl ligand was present on the surface. The phosphoryl ligands also underwent fragmentation reactions, the course of which varied depending on the cation that was bound. Minimum detectable surface concentrations were evaluated and were in the 0.04-0.2 monolayer range, depending on the compound and soil particle matrix they was bound to. The ion signature was detected on soil particle surfaces for time periods exceeding six months, suggesting that the characterization approach could be used for environmental exposure history at times well beyond initial exposure. Copyright

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“…In chemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels, the separation of not only fissionable materials (e.g., uranium and plutonium) but also minor actinides (e.g., Np, Am, and Cm) is important in order to decrease radiotoxicity [1][2][3][4]. In advanced chemical reprocessing, it has been proposed that trivalent actinides and trivalent lanthanides, which have similar chemical properties [5,6], should be separated and other reusable materials such as platinum group metals and rare earth metals are also expected to be separated [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-staging for extraction of cesium from nitric acid by a single liquid–liquid countercurrent centrifugal extractor with Taylor vortices

Nakase

Kinuhata

Takeshita

2013

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Fission products that emit considerable decay heat and radioactivity, such as 137 Cs, have a large impact on waste management. Small and high-performance extractor is desirable for separating such nuclei. In this study, we implemented the continuous extraction of Cs from nitric acid in a single liquid-liquid countercurrent centrifugal extractor with Taylor Vortices by calix [4]arene-bis(t-octylbenzo-crown-6)(BOBCalixC6) as an extractant with trioctylamine(TOA) as a suppressant and with 1-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-secbutylphenoxy)-2-propanol (Cs-7SB) as a phase modifier. Because of slow extraction kinetics of this process, extraction with multiple theoretical stages by just replacing conventional extractors into the single centrifugal extractor is difficult. Hence, we improved the dispersion of organic phase by an inner rotor made of lipophilic epoxy resin and elevating the solution temperature to lower the viscosity. Higher temperature was not appropriate from the aspect of chemical equilibrium in this process, but extraction with multiple theoretical stages was found to be possible.

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Some aspects of fundamental chemistry of the Universal Extraction (UNEX) process for the simultaneous separation of major radionuclides (cesium, strontium, actinides, and lanthanides) from radioactive wastes

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Anionic alkyl diglycoldiamides with covalently bonded cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1−) ions for lanthanide and actinide extractions

Anionic alkyl diglycoldiamides with covalently bonded cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1−) ions for lanthanide and actinide extractions

Characterization of bidentate phosphoryl compounds on soil particulates using SIMS

Multi-staging for extraction of cesium from nitric acid by a single liquid–liquid countercurrent centrifugal extractor with Taylor vortices

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