Some Aspects of Collagen Formation*

Gould, Benjamin; Manner, Georg; Goldman, Henry M.; Stolman, Joseph M.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb49969.x

Cited by 49 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…In classical nutrition, vitamin C (ascorbic acid (Asc)) has a well defined role as a cofactor for the enzymes catalyzing the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, necessary for formation of collagen and bone matrix (Barnes & Kodicek, 1972; Gould et al, 1960; Terova et al, 1998). The function of Asc is to keep the iron present at the enzymes’ active site in the reduced state (Meister, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant nutrition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt, fed diets with high inclusion of plant ingredients and graded levels of micronutrients and selected amino acids

Hamre

Sissener²,

Lock³

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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The shift from marine to plant-based ingredients in fish feeds affects the dietary concentrations and bioavailability of micronutrients, amino acids and lipids and consequently warrants a re-evaluation of dietary nutrient recommendations. In the present study, an Atlantic salmon diet high in plant ingredients was supplemented with graded levels of nutrient premix (NP), containing selected amino acids, taurine, cholesterol, vitamins and minerals. This article presents the results on the antioxidant nutrients vitamin C, E and selenium (Se), and effects on tissue redox status. The feed ingredients appeared to contain sufficient levels of vitamin E and Se to cover the requirements to prevent clinical deficiency symptoms. The body levels of α-tocopherol (TOH) in parr and that of Se in parr and post-smolt showed a linear relationship with dietary concentration, while α-TOH in post-smolt seemed to be saturable with a breakpoint near 140 mg kg−1. Ascorbic acid (Asc) concentration in the basal feed was below the expected minimum requirement, but the experimental period was probably too short for the fish to develop visible deficiency symptoms. Asc was saturable in both parr and post-smolt whole body at dietary concentrations of 190 and 63–89 mg kg−1, respectively. Maximum whole body Asc concentration was approximately 40 mg kg−1 in parr and 14 mg kg−1 in post-smolt. Retention ranged from 41 to 10% in parr and from −206 to 12% in post-smolt with increasing NP supplementation. This indicates that the post-smolts had an extraordinarily high consumption of Asc. Analyses of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) concentrations and the calculated GSH based redox potentials in liver and muscle tissue, indicated only minor effects of diets on redox regulation. However, the post-smolt were more oxidized than the parr. This was supported by the high consumption of Asc and high expression of gpx1 and gpx3 in liver. Based on the present trials, the recommendations for supplementation of vitamin C and E in diets for Atlantic salmon are similar to current practices, e.g. 150 mg kg−1 of α-TOH and 190 mg kg−1 Asc which was the saturating concentration in parr. Higher concentrations than what would prevent clinical deficiency symptoms are necessary to protect fish against incidents of oxidative stress and to improve immune and stress responses. There were no indications that the Se requirement exceeded the current recommendation of 0.3 mg kg−1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant nutrition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt, fed diets with high inclusion of plant ingredients and graded levels of micronutrients and selected amino acids

Hamre

Sissener²,

Lock³

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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The distribution of vitamin C in the human fetus. Histochemical observations

Hörnblad

Swinyard

1966

Anat. Rec.

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The distribution of ascorbic acid in 17 tissues and organs of 20 human fetuses (10-23 weeks of age), was studied histochemically by means of the silver nitrate technic. The metallic silver precipitates which were formed by silver nitrate reduction by ascorbic acid could only be uniformly seen in tissues where quantitative biochemical studies indicated the concentration to be greater than 10 mgl 100 gm of tissue. The human fetus derives its supply of ascorbic acid from maternal sources and there were no significant differences between the youngest (10 weeks) and oldest fetuses (23 weeks) studied. The concentration and uniformity of distribution of ascorbic acid throughout the organ was most conspicuous in the adrenal and thyroid gland, liver and the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. In the pancreas no ascorbic acid was found in Islet cells but occasional alveolar cells were filled with precipitates. Fine granulation was observed in germ cells of the gonads and heavier accumulation in the follicular supporting cells and interstitial cells of Leydig. Muscle fibers did not reveal granulation but perivascular connective tissue cells in muscle and glands were occasionally heavily granulated.

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Collagen and Elastin Metabolism in Scurvy: Studies on the Nature of the Collagen Lesion

Barnes¹

1974

Connective Tissues

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Some Aspects of Collagen Formation*

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Antioxidant nutrition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt, fed diets with high inclusion of plant ingredients and graded levels of micronutrients and selected amino acids

Antioxidant nutrition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt, fed diets with high inclusion of plant ingredients and graded levels of micronutrients and selected amino acids

The distribution of vitamin C in the human fetus. Histochemical observations

Collagen and Elastin Metabolism in Scurvy: Studies on the Nature of the Collagen Lesion

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