Some air electricity phenomena caused by waterfalls: Correlative study of the spectra

Luts, Aare; Parts, Tiia-Ene; Laakso, Lauri; Hirsikko, Anne; Grönholm, Tiia; Kulmala, Markku

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.02.019

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Investigations of the ballo-electric ion phenomenon was started by Philipp Lenard (Lenard, 1915(Lenard, , 1892 and continued by Chapman (1938a, b), Blanchard (1955), Gathman and Hoppel (1970), Levin (1971), Reiter (1994), Hõrrak et al (2006), Hirsikko et al (2007Hirsikko et al ( , 2011, Laakso et al (2006Laakso et al ( , 2007, Luts et al (2009), Tammet et al (2009) and others. Laakso et al (2006) and Luts et al (2009) proposed and analyzed several pathways which can produce waterfall ions. They found that combination of factors, such as autoionization of water molecules, fluctuating charge rearrangement, surface protrusions, evaporation of droplets formed in collisions, and Coulomb explosion serve both as the main source of intermediate ions as well as the extra source for large ions.…”

Section: Air Ions In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where m n, where large proton clusters are known as H 3 O + (H 2 O) 20 (Hulthe et al, 1997;Laakso et al, 2006;Vostrikov et al, 2006;Parts et al, 2007;Luts et al, 2009). A positive value of droplet surface potential (+0.1 V) indicates that the water dipoles are preferentially oriented with the negative pole toward the gas phase, while the positive pole is oriented towards the liquid phase (Parfenyuk, 2002).…”

Section: Air Ions In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of ions at Alpine waterfalls

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. During a three-year field campaign of measuring waterfall generated ions, we monitored five different waterfalls in the Austrian Alps. Most measurements were performed at the Krimml waterfall (Salzburg, Austria), which is the biggest waterfall in Europe, and the Gartl waterfall (Mölltal, Austria). We characterized spatial, time and size distributions of waterfall-generated ions under the influence of surrounding topography. The smallest ions with boundary diameters of 0.9, 1.5 and 2 nm, were measured with a cylindrical air ion detector (CDI-06), while ion sizes from 5.5 to 350 nm were measured using a modified Grimm SMPS aerosol spectrometer. High negative ion concentration gradients are detected in the vicinity of the waterfalls, whereas the increase of positive ions was only moderate. Ions in the nano range were the most abundant at 2 nm, and at 120 nm in the sub-micrometer range.

show abstract

Section: Air Ions In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air Ions In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ions at Alpine waterfalls

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Charged droplets or solid particles are common in nature as seen in electrical storms, waterfalls, and volcanoes [58,59], and can be induced by application of an electric field [60]. Indeed, studying formation of charged droplets/particles from boiling liquids [61] and from ice crystals has a long history [62].…”

Section: Production Of Charged Droplets or Particles Without An Electmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanism for Ionization of Nonvolatile Compounds in Mass Spectrometry: Considerations from MALDI and Inlet Ionization

Trimpin

Wang

Inutan

et al. 2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

111

530

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanistic arguments relative to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) address observations that predominately singly charged ions are detected. However, recently a matrix assisted laser ablation method, laserspray ionization (LSI), was introduced that can use the same sample preparation and laser as MALDI, but produce highly charged ions from proteins. In MALDI, ions are generated from neutral molecules by the photon energy provided to a matrix, while in LSI ions are produced inside a heated inlet tube linking atmospheric pressure and the first vacuum region of the mass spectrometer. Some LSI matrices also produce highly charged ions with MALDI ion sources operated at intermediate pressure or high vacuum. The operational similarity of LSI to MALDI, and the large difference in charge states observed by these methods, provides information of fundamental importance to proposed ionization mechanisms for LSI and MALDI. Here, we present data suggesting that the prompt and delayed ionization reported for vacuum MALDI are both fast processes relative to producing highly charged ions by LSI. The energy supplied to produce these charged clusters/droplets as well as their size and time available for desolvation are determining factors in the charge states of the ions observed. Further, charged droplets/clusters may be a common link for ionization of nonvolatile compounds by a variety of MS ionization methods, including MALDI and LSI.

show abstract

“…The reason may be caused by the fog produced by ultrasonic fogging device. The fog is water droplets with electricity phenomena [25]. These water droplets may contain negative ions to prevent the water droplets from aggregation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preparation of self-ordered porous polystyrene film using auxiliary of ultrasonic fogging device

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the methods to fabricate ordered micro-structured film is the usage of water droplets from humid-air flow as template. However, humid-air flow on the surface of polymer solution during cast of porous polymeric film may lead to uneven surface of the porous polymeric film. Moreover, the influence of atmosphere humidity on the average pore size of porous polymeric film is significant. In this study, we developed a novel method to fabricate even surface of porous polymeric film and reduce the influence of atmosphere humidity on the pore size. To achieve this purpose, an ultrasonic fogging device was employed to produce water droplets instead of humid air. The water droplets produced by an ultrasonic fogging device may contain negative ions to prevent the water droplets from aggregation. Therefore, the pore size of water droplets is able to be stabilized. In addition, the water droplets produced by an ultrasonic fogging device are able to fully fill in container in advance, which may avoid large humid-air flow to agitate the surface of polymer solution. Thus the even surface of porous polymeric film can be acquired.

show abstract

Some air electricity phenomena caused by waterfalls: Correlative study of the spectra

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of ions at Alpine waterfalls

Characterization of ions at Alpine waterfalls

A Mechanism for Ionization of Nonvolatile Compounds in Mass Spectrometry: Considerations from MALDI and Inlet Ionization

The preparation of self-ordered porous polystyrene film using auxiliary of ultrasonic fogging device

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About