Somatostatin enhances visual processing and perception by suppressing excitatory inputs to parvalbumin-positive interneurons in V1

Song, You Hyang; Hwang, Yang-Sun; Kim, Kwansoo; Lee, Hyoung Ro; Kim, Jae Hyun; Maclachlan, Catherine; Dubois, A.; Jung, Min Whan; Petersen, Carl C. H.; Knott, Graham; Lee, Suk Ho; Lee, Seung Hee

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz0517

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We showed that TMT-Opsin1b affects the production of sst1b . A member of the somatostatin/corticostatin family in the mouse (SST, active form SST-14) has been shown to itself suppress excitatory inputs to downstream interneurons, resulting in enhanced visual gain and orientation selectivity [ 58 ]. It might hence be plausible to assume that tectal sst1b also exerts suppressive effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMT-Opsins differentially modulate medaka brain function in a context-dependent manner

et al. 2021

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Vertebrate behavior is strongly influenced by light. Light receptors, encoded by functional opsin proteins, are present inside the vertebrate brain and peripheral tissues. This expression feature is present from fishes to human and appears to be particularly prominent in diurnal vertebrates. Despite their conserved widespread occurrence, the nonvisual functions of opsins are still largely enigmatic. This is even more apparent when considering the high number of opsins. Teleosts possess around 40 opsin genes, present from young developmental stages to adulthood. Many of these opsins have been shown to function as light receptors. This raises the question of whether this large number might mainly reflect functional redundancy or rather maximally enables teleosts to optimally use the complex light information present under water. We focus on tmt-opsin1b and tmt-opsin2, c-opsins with ancestral-type sequence features, conserved across several vertebrate phyla, expressed with partly similar expression in non-rod, non-cone, non-retinal-ganglion-cell brain tissues and with a similar spectral sensitivity. The characterization of the single mutants revealed age- and light-dependent behavioral changes, as well as an impact on the levels of the preprohormone sst1b and the voltage-gated sodium channel subunit scn12aa. The amount of daytime rest is affected independently of the eyes, pineal organ, and circadian clock in tmt-opsin1b mutants. We further focused on daytime behavior and the molecular changes in tmt-opsin1b/2 double mutants, and found that—despite their similar expression and spectral features—these opsins interact in part nonadditively. Specifically, double mutants complement molecular and behavioral phenotypes observed in single mutants in a partly age-dependent fashion. Our work provides a starting point to disentangle the highly complex interactions of vertebrate nonvisual opsins, suggesting that tmt-opsin-expressing cells together with other visual and nonvisual opsins provide detailed light information to the organism for behavioral fine-tuning. This work also provides a stepping stone to unravel how vertebrate species with conserved opsins, but living in different ecological niches, respond to similar light cues and how human-generated artificial light might impact on behavioral processes in natural environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMT-Opsins differentially modulate medaka brain function in a context-dependent manner

et al. 2021

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“…In mice, administration of an SSTR2 agonist to the main olfactory bulb enhanced olfactory discrimination 26 . In addition, a recent study showed that SST enhanced visual processing in the VISp 27 . This study demonstrated that SST reduced excitatory inputs to the PV + INs and improved visual gain in regular-spiking PNs.…”

Section: Functional Roles Of the Neuropeptide Sst And Its Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of neuropeptide somatostatin in the brain and its application in treating neurological disorders

2021

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Somatostatin (SST) is a well-known neuropeptide that is expressed throughout the brain. In the cortex, SST is expressed in a subset of GABAergic neurons and is known as a protein marker of inhibitory interneurons. Recent studies have identified the key functions of SST in modulating cortical circuits in the brain and cognitive function. Furthermore, reduced expression of SST is a hallmark of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and depression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SST expression and function in the brain. In particular, we describe the physiological roles of SST-positive interneurons in the cortex. We further describe the causal relationship between pathophysiological changes in SST function and various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we discuss potential treatments and possibility of novel drug developments for neurological disorders based on the current knowledge on the function of SST and SST analogs in the brain derived from experimental and clinical studies.

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“…where, Cmem and g l are the membrane capacitance and leak conductance per unit area, u l is the leak reverse potential, and I Ca is the active dendritic feedback. We model in-vivo-like external input per unit area , Iext, by a generic white-noise process as Iext = µ + ση(t) [21] where, µ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the process, and η(t) is a Gaussian white noise variable, where η(t) = 0 and η(t)η(t ) = δ(t − t ). We use the notation of .…”

Section: The Emergence Of Meta-stability In the Slow-fast Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise-induced properties of active dendrites

Vreeswijk

Farkhooi

2020

Preprint

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Dendrites play an essential role in the integration of highly fluctuating input into neurons across all nervous systems. Nevertheless, they are often studied under the conditions where inputs to dendrites are sparse. Up to date, the dynamic properties of active dendrites facing in-vivo-like fluctuating input remains elusive. In this paper, we uncover fundamentally new dynamics in a canonical model of a dendritic compartment with active calcium channels, receiving in-vivo-like fluctuating input. We show in-vivo-like noise induces non-monotonic or bistable dynamics in the input-output relation of a dendritic compartment, both of which are absent in a noiseless condition. Our analysis shows that the timescales of the activation gating variable of the dendritic calcium dynamics determine noise-induced spontaneous order in the system. Noise can induce non-monotonicity or bistability with fast or slow calcium activation respectively. We characterize these noise-induced phenomena and their influence on the input-output relation. Furthermore, we show that timescales of the emerging stochastic bistable dynamics go far beyond a deterministic system due to stochastic switching between the solutions. Our results reveal that noise contributes to sustained dendritic nonlinearities, and it could be considered a principal component of the dendritic input integration strategies.

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Somatostatin enhances visual processing and perception by suppressing excitatory inputs to parvalbumin-positive interneurons in V1

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

TMT-Opsins differentially modulate medaka brain function in a context-dependent manner

TMT-Opsins differentially modulate medaka brain function in a context-dependent manner

The role of neuropeptide somatostatin in the brain and its application in treating neurological disorders

Noise-induced properties of active dendrites

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