In immunohistochemical studies using antisera to peptide YY (PYY), a 36 amino acid polypeptide isolated from porcine duodenum, it was found that PYY-like immunoreactivity occurred mainly in endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. PYY-immunoreactive cells were particularly abundant in the distal intestine and have been observed in five species, including man. By radioimmunoassay it was found that, in the rat, the amount of PYY immunoreactivity was about 100-fold higher in the colon than in the duodenum. The chromatographic profiles of PYY immunoreactivity from the rat colon and porcine PYY on a SP-Sephadex ion exchanger were similar. Furthermore, serial dilutions of extracts from the rat colon and porcine PYY had parallel displacement curves in radioimmunoassay. Close intraartei..d administration of PYY in cats caused an intestinal vasoconstriction and an inhibition ofjejunal and colonic motility. Simultaneously there was a rise in systemic arterial blood pressure. These effects of PYY were also observed after pretreatment with adrenergic blocking agents. It is concluded that PYY is a gastrointestinal peptide that is present mainly in endocrine cells of distal intestine and that has effects on both intestinal motility and the cardiovascular system. Pancreatic polypeptides (PPs) of 36 amino acids have been isolated from the pancreata of several species (1-3). Immunohistochemical studies suggest that a PP-like substance is also present in neurons (4,5). Recently a peptide with structural similarities to PP, peptide YY [PYY, the peptide (P) having NH2-terminal tyrosine (Y) and COOH-terminal tyrosine (Y) amide], has been isolated from porcine duodenum by making use ofan assay for its COOH-terminal tyrosine amide structure (6,7). In the present communication we report on the cellular localization of PYY, measurements and characterization using radioimmunoassay, and some of its effects on gastrointestinal functions. The results indicate that PYY is localized in gut endocrine cells of several species, including man, particularly in middle and distal intestine. Furthermore, PYY has a vasoconstrictor action and inhibits jejunal and colonic motility. We therefore propose that PYY is a gastrointestinal peptide with paracrine or hormonal actions.
MATERIALS AND METHODSPYY isolated from porcine duodenum was used (6). Antisera to PYY were produced in rabbits by using a direct immunization procedure. PYY (50-100 ,g) was emulsified with Freund's adjuvant and injected intradermally at multiple sites. Booster doses were given subcutaneously at 2-week intervals for 2 months.PYY was labeled with "2I to a high specific activity (about The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement' in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.
4471200 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 3.7 X 1010 becquerels) by using the chloramine-T method (8). The peptide was separated from free iodine by chromatography on a small Sephadex G-25 col...