Somatostatin and calcitonin stimulate neurite regeneration of molluscan neurons in vitro

Grimm-Jørgensen, Yvonne

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90130-2

Cited by 56 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In particular, SS is present in relatively high levels during development (Chun et al, 1987), and it can promote neurite outgrowth both lndependently and additively with nerve growth factor in PC12 cells (Ferriero et al, 1994). A similar effect of SS on neurite outgrowth has been shown in the invertebrate nervous system (Bulloch, 1987;Grimm-Jørgensen, 1987). Although SS plays various functional roles in the CNS, the molecular events mediating these effects are still unclear.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Effects of Somatostatin on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in PC12 Cells

Traina

Cannistraro

Bagnoli

1996

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Somatostatin (SS) is a neuropeptide that is distributed in various regions of the CNS, where it may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. SS produces multiple effects in the CNS through interactions with membrane receptors. In particular, SS inhibits various secretory responses in different cell types. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of exogenous application of SS on the intracellular free Ca 2concentration ([Ca2~],)in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. SS did reduce the magnitude of the secondary, maintained Ca2~influx brought about by K depolarization. Similar effects were obtained with the application of SS analogues, such as D-Trp8-SS, D-Trp8-D-Cys14-SS, CGP-23996, and SMS-201995. In addition, treatment with cyclo-SS, a SS antagonist, did not alter [Ca2~],.Experiments with selective blockers of different voltage-dependent Ca2~channels, such as methoxyverapamil (D600) and t~l-conotoxinGVIA, demonstrated that the effects of SS on [Ca2J were mediated by voltage-dependent Ca2c hannels of the L type. Control experiments with a membrane potential indicator, i.e., the fluorescent dye bisoxonol, excluded that SS influenced the level of the membrane potential. SS effects on PC12 cells suggest the possibility that this neuropeptide plays a role in the modulation of cell functional activity by altering Ca2 influx.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Effects of Somatostatin on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in PC12 Cells

Traina

Cannistraro

Bagnoli

1996

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…A variety of studies support the possibility that SRIF plays a role in the morpho‐functional development of neuronal cells. Indeed, SRIF and its receptors are expressed early and transiently in the central nervous system (Gonzalez et al ., 1992; Schwartz et al ., 1998; Bucharles et al ., 1999; Fontanesi et al ., 2000), while SRIF enhances neurite outgrowth (Bulloch, 1987; Grimm‐Jorgensen, 1987; Taniwaki & Schwartz, 1995; Traina et al ., 1998), potentiates the expression of K + and Ca 2+ channels in PC12 cells (Rhie et al ., 1999) and influences neuronal migration (Yacubova & Komuro, 2002). In addition, alterations of endogenous SRIF levels may affect neuronal maturation (Kungel et al ., 1997; Fontanesi et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered morphology of rod bipolar cell axonal terminals in the retinas of mice carrying genetic deletion of somatostatin subtype receptor 1 or 2

Casini

Monte

Petrucci

et al. 2004

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Somatostatin (SRIF), similar to other neuropeptides, is likely to influence the morpho-functional characteristics of neurons. We studied possible morphological alterations of mouse retinal neurons following genetic deletion of SRIF subtype receptor 1 [sst1 knockout (KO)] or 2 (sst2 KO). In sst1 KO retinas, axonal terminals of rod bipolar cells (RBCs), identified with protein kinase C immunoreactivity, were 25% larger than in controls. In contrast, in sst2 KO retinas, RBC axonal terminals were significantly smaller (-14%). No major ultrastructural differences were observed between control and KO RBCs. In sst2 KO retinas, SRIF levels decreased by about 35%, while both sst1 receptor mRNA and protein increased by about 170% and 100%, respectively. This compares to previous results reporting an increase of both retinal SRIF and sst2 receptors following sst1 receptor deletion. Together, these findings suggest that, on the one hand, sst1 receptor deletion induces over-expression of sst2 receptors, and vice versa; on the other hand, that an imbalance in sst1 and sst2 receptor expression and/or changes in the levels of retinal SRIF induced by sst1 or sst2 receptor deletion are responsible for the morphological changes in RBC axonal terminals. Similar alterations of RBC terminals were observed in KO retinas at 2 weeks of age (eye opening). In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the expression of sst2 and sst1 receptors in developing sst1 and sst2 KO retinas, respectively, demonstrated that these receptors are up-regulated at or near eye opening. These findings suggest that the integrity of the somatostatinergic system during development is necessary for proper RBC maturation.

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“…However, somatostatin enhances neurofilament synthesis and neunte outgrowth in cerebellar granule cells (Taniwaki and Schwartz, 1995). Such an effect of somatostatin had been reported initially in molluscans (Bulloch, 1987;Grimm-Jorgensen, 1987). The nature of the receptor subtypes involved in these functions in the rat EGC is not known as yet.…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 95%

Differential Expression of Multiple Somatostatin Receptors in the Rat Cerebellum During Development

Viollet

Bodenant

Prunotto

et al. 1997

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The present study describes the expression pattern of somatostatin receptor genes during the development of rat cerebellum. Characterization of somatostatin receptors was carried out by binding studies using receptor subtype-selective ligands in the germinative epithelium and granule cell layer of the cerebellum from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P21 and in granule cell cultures. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR carried out for the five receptor subtype mRNAs in cerebellar extracts showed that sstl mRNAs are predominant at the end of gestation. A transient high expression of the sst2 gene was observed from P7 to P14. In parallel, high levels of binding sites sensitive to sst2 ligands were detected in the granule cell germinative epithelium and in granule cell cultures. sst3 mRNAs rapidly increased from P14 and became the predominant form at P21, but respective binding sites were not detected. Whereas sst4 mRNA levels were generally low, those of sst5 were nearly undetectable. Reverse transcription-PCR carried out in granule cell cultures revealed the relative abundance of sst mRNAs as follows: sst2 > sstl > sst3 = sst4. sst5 mRNA was undetectable. The results show the expression of four somatostatin receptor genes, but only three receptors (sstl, sst4, and mainly sst2) were detected as binding sites during cerebellar development.

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Somatostatin and calcitonin stimulate neurite regeneration of molluscan neurons in vitro

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Somatostatin on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in PC12 Cells

Effects of Somatostatin on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in PC12 Cells

Altered morphology of rod bipolar cell axonal terminals in the retinas of mice carrying genetic deletion of somatostatin subtype receptor 1 or 2

Differential Expression of Multiple Somatostatin Receptors in the Rat Cerebellum During Development

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