Authorship note: MRS and JKN contributed equally to this work.
Conflict of interest:MJI is an inventor on US patent US 8338457 B2, "Selective ablation of pain-sensing neurons by administration of a vanilloid receptor agonist, " issued to the NIH, and is on the scientific advisory board of Ark Animal Health. JDH has received research support through a cooperative research and development agreement with Sorrento Therapeutics. JKN, ELR, and RMC are employees of Velocity Laboratories, a company that provides fee-for-service behavioral testing using operant pain assays.