Somatosensory Brain Function and Gray Matter Regional Volumes Differ According to Exercise History: Evidence from Monozygotic Twins

Hautasaari, Pekka; Savić, Andrej M.; Loberg, Otto; Niskanen, Eini; Kaprio, Jaakko; Tarkka, Ina M.

doi:10.1007/s10548-016-0531-1

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…We identified a subpopulation of MZ twin pairs, where the co-twins differed in their past 3-year LTPA. As reported earlier (Rottensteiner et al 2015, 2016; Tarkka et al 2016; Hautasaari et al 2017), the LTPA discordance created diet-independent differences between active and inactive co-twins in cardiorespiratory fitness, intra-abdominal adiposity, glucose homeostasis, and brain morphology and function. In this study, we found no differences between the co-twins in their systemic energy metabolism at rest or during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in male monozygotic twins

et al. 2019

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PurposeWe aimed to investigate if hereditary factors, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolic health interact with resting fat oxidation (RFO) and peak fat oxidation (PFO) during ergometer cycling.MethodsWe recruited 23 male monozygotic twin pairs (aged 32–37 years) and determined their RFO and PFO with indirect calorimetry for 21 and 19 twin pairs and for 43 and 41 twin individuals, respectively. Using physical activity interviews and the Baecke questionnaire, we identified 10 twin pairs as LTPA discordant for the past 3 years. Of the twin pairs, 8 pairs participated in both RFO and PFO measurements, and 2 pairs participated in either of the measurements. We quantified the participants’ metabolic health with a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsFat oxidation within co-twins was correlated at rest [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.78] and during exercise (ICC = 0.67, 95% CI 0.33–0.86). The LTPA-discordant pairs had no pairwise differences in RFO or PFO. In the twin individual-based analysis, PFO was positively correlated with the past 12-month LTPA (r = 0.26, p = 0.034) and the Baecke score (r = 0.40, p = 0.022) and negatively correlated with the area under the curve of insulin (r = − 0.42, p = 0.015) and glucose (r = − 0.31, p = 0.050) during the oral glucose tolerance test.ConclusionsHereditary factors were more important than LTPA for determining fat oxidation at rest and during exercise. Additionally, PFO, but not RFO, was associated with better metabolic health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in male monozygotic twins

et al. 2019

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“…12 Additional comparisons showed differing automatic deviance-detection processes in brain regions involved with sensorimotor, visual, and memory functions in electrophysiological studies between the more and less active co-twins. 13,14 For summary of the main results, see Figure 2. More data on the findings are also available in nine PhD theses (see links to the texts in Appendix S1).…”

Section: Brain Structure and Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and health: Findings from Finnish monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical activity

Leskinen

Rottensteiner

Aaltonen

et al. 2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Genetic and early environmental differences including early health habits associate with future health. To provide insight on the causal nature of these associations, monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for health habits provide an interesting natural experiment. Twin pairs discordant for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in early adult life is thus a powerful study design to investigate the associations between long-term LTPA and indicators of health and wellbeing.We have identified 17 LTPA discordant twin pairs from two Finnish twin cohorts and summarize key findings of these studies in this paper. The carefully characterized rare long-term LTPA discordant MZ twin pairs have participated in multidimensional clinical examinations. Key findings highlight that compared with less active twins in such MZ twin pairs, the twins with higher long-term LTPA have higher physical fitness, reduced body fat, reduced visceral fat, reduced liver fat, increased lumen diameters of conduit arteries to the lower limbs, increased bone mineral density in loaded bone areas, and an increased number of large high-density lipoprotein particles. The findings increase our understanding on the possible site-specific and system-level effects of long-term LTPA.

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“…Additional comparisons showed differing automatic deviance-detection processes in brain regions involved with sensorimotor, visual and memory functions in electrophysiological studies between the more and less active co-twins. 24,25 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint…”

Section: Brain Structure and Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Findings On the Mz Pairs Discordant For Ltpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and health: Findings from Finnish monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical activity

Leskinen

Rottensteiner

Aaltonen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Genetic and early environmental differences including early health habits associate with future health. To provide insight on the causal nature of these associations, monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for health habits provide an interesting natural experiment. Twin pairs discordant for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in early adult life are thus a powerful study design to investigate the associations between long-term LTPA and indicators of health and wellbeing. We have used this study design by identifying 17 LTPA discordant twin pairs from two Finnish twin cohorts and summarize key findings of these studies in this paper. The carefully characterized rare long-term LTPA discordant MZ twin pairs have participated in multi-dimensional clinical examinations. The occurrence of type 2 diabetes and death has been evaluated on the basis of prospective questionnaire data and register follow-up among a larger number of twin pairs. Key findings highlight that, compared to less active twins in such MZ twin pairs, the twins with higher long-term LTPA have higher physical fitness, reduced body fat, reduced visceral fat, reduced liver fat, increased lumen diameters of conduit arteries to the lower limbs, increased bone mineral density in loaded bone areas, increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced occurrence of type 2 diabetes. However, we have not been able to document differences in the life expectancy between the less and more active twin siblings of the LTPA discordant MZ twin pairs. The findings are in agreement with intervention studies but not with all observational studies in which genetic factors are not controlled for.

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Somatosensory Brain Function and Gray Matter Regional Volumes Differ According to Exercise History: Evidence from Monozygotic Twins

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in male monozygotic twins

Fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in male monozygotic twins

Physical activity and health: Findings from Finnish monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical activity

Physical activity and health: Findings from Finnish monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical activity

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