Somatic embryogenesis in guava (Psidium guajava L.): current status and future perspectives

Abstract

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a highly perishable fruit crop comparable to mango owing to its high medicinal value and intense aroma. The presence of high genetic variability limits the chances of further expansion of guava improvement using biotechnological interventions. Conventional methods of guava improvement encountered with restricted achievement in progress of disease resistant varieties because of existing high genetic variability in the germplasm. There is a considerable demand for the establishment of successful and efficient regeneration protocols via somatic embryogenesis. Plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis could be more useful than plants obtained through organogenesis because, in most cases, somatic embryos are of single-cell origin, and have a low frequency of chimeras and a high number of regenerations. This review is a snapshot of the recent status of somatic embryogenesis as a basis for expanding genetic improvement in guava for quality traits and future perspectives using advanced technologies.

Callus induction and pro-embryogenic mass formation in Myrciaria dubia, an important medicinal and nutritional plant

“…The authors found that higher concentrations (5 μM) of 2,4-D favored tissue differentiation and somatic embryo formation. It is observed in the literature that the use of 2,4 -D individually has greater success (Bajpai et al 2016, Kamle andBaek 2017). Luis and Scherwinski-Pereira (2014) efficiently induced embryogenic callus formation in Acrocomia aculeate by using low concentration of 2,4-D (1.5 mg L -1 ).…”

“…Thus, vegetatively propagate of this species in order to reduce the segregating effect and to reproduce selected high-yielding materials, like the recent study by Lima et al (2020). However, despite the vegetative propagation technique having a high success rate, it is limited due to the possibility of infestation by pathogens, Therefore, the use of biotechnological techniques with the possibility of preserving the germplasm and producing it on a large scale in a short period of time, such as somatic embryogenesis, is the best alternative (Kamle and Baek 2017, Naaz et al 2019, Silva-Cardoso et al 2019.…”

“…Qin et al (2021) observed the effects of supplementation and the identification of genes and entire genomes of microRNAs. For Psidium guajava (Kamle and Baek 2017) mention that it is necessary to advance in genome sequencing to proceed with studies for Syzygium cumini (L.), and for the first-time advances in somatic embryo aturation were observed in Plinia peruviana (Silveira et al 2020). However, there is no information in the literature about the callus induction mechanism in M dubia.…”

Applications of Cytokinins in Horticultural Fruit Crops: Trends and Future Prospects

“…It is also highly relevant to reduce the relatively long juvenile phase associated with perennial fruit tree species. Somatic embryogenesis has emerged as a better alternative to organogenesis in the mass propagation of some fruit trees, due to the in vitro recalcitrance of explants from mature phase selections [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. However, irrespective of the propagation method, CKs are often the main determinants of successful plant regeneration.…”

“…There are numerous reports on the optimization of CK types and concentrations in organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis protocols for many horticultural species, including the commercially cultivated fruits such as Citrus spp., Malus spp., Litchi chinensis, Psidium guajava, Musa spp., Passoflora edulis, Punica granatum, Vitis vinifera, and Carica papaya ( Tables 2 and 3). Aspects of mass propagation in important horticultural fruit crops using organogenesis and/or somatic embryogenesis have been summarised in excellent plant-specific reviews for Psidium guajava [80,82], Punica grantum [81,155,156], and Malus spp. [75].…”