Somatic Embryogenesis in Chestnut

Corredoira, Elena; Ballester, A.; Vieitez, F. J.; Viéitez, A. M.

doi:10.1007/7089_036

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The great advantage of genetic transformation, as a complementary breeding system, is that a new set of genes can be transferred into chestnut somatic cell lines in a matter of 2-3 years. This is possible today because, after decades of research on in vitro tissue culture of both European and American chestnut (Vieitez and Merkle 2004 ) , a repetitive and reproducible system useful for genetic transformation through somatic embryogenesis has been described for both species (Robichaud et al 2004 ;Corredoira et al 2006 ) . Although in most cases the induction of somatic embryos was carried out from immature material (embryonic axes), Corredoira et al ( 2003 ) have shown that embryogenic cultures can be initiated from leaf explants of seedlings, opening up the possibility of propagating and transforming mature material in the future.…”

Section: Transgenicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The two principal micropropagation systems are based on somatic embryogenesis and on micropropagation through axillary shoot development. Although somatic embryogenesis is theoretically more effi cient for clonal mass production than propagation via axillary shoot proliferation, several diffi culties need to be overcome to render it commercially viable, particularly when cultures originate from adult tissues (Corredoira et al 2006 ) . By contrast, chestnut can currently be micropropagated from both juvenile and mature material using the axillary shoot multiplication method, although it is common for the protocol to require optimization for a specifi c cultivar, making the large-scale propagation in many cases challenging ) .…”

Section: Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chestnut

et al. 2011

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The genus Castanea , chestnuts and chinkapins, belongs to the family Fagaceae , which includes other important timber producing genera such as Quercus and Fagus . The genus Castanea is divided into three geographically delimited sections with at least seven consistently recognized interfertile species: 4 species in Asia ( C. mollissima , C. henryi , C. seguinii , and C. crenata ), two or more species in North America ( C. dentata , C. ozarkensis , and C. pumila ) and one in Europe and Turkey ( C. sativa ). The two most important diseases of chestnut are ink disease ( Phytophthora ) and chestnut blight ( Cryphonectria ). Resistance to these is the major objective for rootstock breeding in Europe and scion breeding in North America. In both cases, the source of resistance was Asian species. European breeding programs developed resistant hybrid rootstocks, which are propagated by stooling, cuttings, or in vitro culture. A major pest of chestnut is the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus whose control is based on the spread of parasitoids but also on the selection of resistant cultivars. For nut production, the most important breeding objectives include the following: good horticultural traits, product quality, suitability to storage and processing, and ease of peeling. For timber, important characters include wood quality, rapid growth, and nonchecking of wood (ring-shake). Molecular maps have been developed, which has expanded the genetic knowledge of the chestnut. An effi cient genetic transformation protocol for C. sativa through the coculture of somatic embryos with different strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been described.

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Section: Transgenicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut

et al. 2011

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“…In the literature, varying results have been reported for the somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in chestnut [4] [12] [17]- [27]. In this study, the somatic embryogenesis rates in the Hacıibiş and Karamehmet cultivars were found to be 6.0% -9.9% and 9.2% -11.1%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The need for pre-germination applications such as cold, partial desiccation, and GA 3 to overcome dormancy in many kinds of chestnut somatic embryos has been a demonstrated [4] [12] [17] [27] [28]. The effect of desiccation was exhibited in our study, especially when it was used together with BA + NAA supplemented medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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<i>In Vitro</i> Propagation Potential via Somatic Embryogenesis of the Two Maturing Early Cultivars of European Chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill.)

Sezgin¹,

Dumanoğlu²

2016

AJPS

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Turkey ranks the third in the production of chestnuts in the world having an important place both in domestic and global markets. However, the chestnut production and the number of trees have been diminishing in recent years. Therefore, in vitro propagation of the chestnut, in addition to the classical propagation techniques, should be applied. Especially the propogation of the early maturing cultivars and production of the quality chestnuts will provide a better income to the producer. Here, somatic embryo production and regeneration from the immature cotyledons of the early maturing cultivars of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill), Hacıibiş and Karamehmet, were studied using the somatic embryogenesis, one of the in vitro propagation techniques. To induce the somatic embryogenesis, 168 different combinations were applied to both cultivars. The somatic embryogenesis rate in Hacıibiş cultivar, in which the interactions were observed among the applications, was found to be 9.9% while it was 11.1% for the Karamehmet cultivar. Dessication, cold treatment, gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyladenine (BA) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applications were performed on the regeneration of the somatic embryos, and 40% conversion to plant was obtained with desiccation together with BA + NAA supplementation to the medium.

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Chestnut

Maynard

Powell

Polin-McGuigan

et al. 2008

Compendium of Transgenic Crop Plants

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Castanea sativa , European chestnut, the only native chestnut species in Europe, was derived from the Turkish Mediterranean gene pool. Castanea dentata , American chestnut, is the largest chestnut species native to North America. Although European and American chestnuts are both susceptible to Cryphonectria parasitica , the causal agent of chestnut blight, the former is still a commercially viable species. The American chestnut, however, has been essentially eliminated as both a nut crop and a timber species. European and American chestnuts have been the focus of attention of professional and amateur plant breeders for more than a century. They have been selected for various traits, moved from numerous points of origin, hybridized, and redistributed across the landscape. This comes after centuries of domestication by native peoples of both continents. The American Chestnut Foundation is carrying out the largest and most active breeding program based on backcross breeding between the American chestnut and the blight‐resistant Chinese chestnut ( Castanea mollissima ). A comparison is made between backcross breeding and genetic engineering in terms of numbers of unknown genes introduced and speed of introducing additional genes. Research to develop transformation systems for American and European chestnut has followed similar paths. For both species, the preferred target tissue is somatic embryos derived from immature zygotic embryos. The selectable marker gene bar , with the herbicide Finale® (active ingredient phosphinothricin), in combination with scorable marker gfp , has proved to be effective in selecting for transformation events in American chestnut. The nptII selectable maker gene with kanamycin in combination with the scorable marker gus was used to transform European chestnut. Transgenic whole plants have been recovered for both species. The first two transgenic American chestnuts were planted in the field on June 7, 2006 in Syracuse, New York, USA. These trees contain the oxalate oxidase ( OxO ) gene originating from wheat, which has been shown to enhance pathogen resistance in several crop species including soybean, peanut, and sunflower.

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Chestnut

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Chestnut

Chestnut

<i>In Vitro</i> Propagation Potential via Somatic Embryogenesis of the Two Maturing Early Cultivars of European Chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill.)

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Chestnut

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Chestnut

Chestnut

&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Propagation Potential via Somatic Embryogenesis of the Two Maturing Early Cultivars of European Chestnut (&lt;i&gt;Castanea sativa&lt;/i&gt; Mill.)

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<i>In Vitro</i> Propagation Potential via Somatic Embryogenesis of the Two Maturing Early Cultivars of European Chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill.)