Somatic Embryogenesis in Aesculus hippocastanum L. by Culture of Filament Callus

Jörgensen, Jörg

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(89)80185-3

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The literature on the in vitro culture of A. hippocastanum especially regards callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos have been obtained by numerous authors starting from microspores (78,79), immature zygotic embryos (10,80), anther filaments (42,45), leaves (12,74) and cotyledons (70,73). The results show clearly that the synthesis of escin takes place in vitro from different types of explant, even in the absence of phytoregulators and, moreover, that the amount of escin does not depend on the source of the explant used (43,71,72).…”

Section: Cultivation Of Horse Chestnutmentioning

confidence: 95%

Horse Chestnut: Cultivation for Ornamental Purposes and Non-Food Crop Production

Bellini¹,

Nin²

2005

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants

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The horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) is a common ornamental tree that possesses numerous useful derivatives (escin, cholesterol-escin complex, glycolic, soft and dry extracts, esculin) in different parts of the plant, especially the seeds and trunk bark. These derivatives are widely used in dermatology and pharmacology, mainly for the treatment of peripheral chronic venous insufficiency, but also in the cosmetic field for the treatment of unattractive features, such as couperose, cellulites and hair loss. More recently proanthocyanidin A 2 , present in the fruit pericarp, bark, leaves, and buds, has shown a protective effect against UV damage. Very little, however, is known about methods for cultivation, chemical composition of seeds of various genotypes, optimum harvest-time of plant tissues, or storage conditions for seeds. This review has been done within the context of the EU research project on the "European Aesculus Cultivation System" in order to better understand the growth and pharmacological properties of secondary metabolites from horse chestnut and may represent the first step towards use of the plant in non-food, income-generating arboriculture of European countries.

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Section: Cultivation Of Horse Chestnutmentioning

confidence: 95%

Horse Chestnut: Cultivation for Ornamental Purposes and Non-Food Crop Production

Bellini¹,

Nin²

2005

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants

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“…It is very important to transfer these embryos on the medium with a low hormone concentration (2.2-8.8 ~tM BA) or containing no hormones at the end of the induction period, as a higher hormone concentration 22-441xM can lead to abnormal embryo development, such as embryos with three or more cotyledons, overgrown embryos, etc. (Radojevic 1988;James et al 1984;J6rgensen 1989;Merkle & Wiecko 1989).…”

Section: Adventive Embryogenesis On Zygotic Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Gingas & Lineberger 1989) Quercus and Fagus (J6rgensen 1988) and Aesculus (Radojevic 1988;J6rgensen 1989;Chalupa 1990). Therefore, micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis may be the common method of in vitro vegetative propagation of these species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High efficiency adventive embryogenesis on somatic embryos of anther, filament and immature proembryo origin in horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) tissue culture

Kiss

Heszky

Kiss

et al. 1992

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Adventive embryogenesis was successfully induced in cultures of zygotic and somatic embryos on MS medium supplemented with BA and NAA. A procedure has been proved successful for the in vitro multiplication of somatic embryos regenerated at low frequencies from filament and callus cultures. The occurrence and rate of adventive embryogenesis did not depend on the origin of the primary embryos (zygotic and somatic), but did depend on the developmental stage. Primary embryos are capable of embryogenesis in each of the different phases of embryogenesis, though the rate is different. BA concentrations of 22-44 txM increased the rate of adventive embryogenesis and accelerated the development of embryos. The highest proliferation rate (22-25x/5 weeks) was achieved at hormone concentrations of 44 ixM BA and 5.4 IxM NAA.

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“…Embryogenic callus was established from needles of 6-year-old trees and buds of 26year-old trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) (Westcott 1994). Embryogenic cultures have been initiated from pistils of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) (Grönroos et al 1989); anther filaments of horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) (Jorgensen 1989); petals, staminodes, and filaments of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) (Lopez-Baez et al 1993); immature female inflorescences of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and Populus nigra L. × Populus maximowiczii A. Henry) and olive (Olea europaea L.), has been to culture leaf blade or petiole tissues from micropropagated shoots derived from mature trees (Michler and Bauer 1991;Park and Son 1989;Rugini and Caricato 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis from tissues of mature sweetgum trees

Merkle¹,

Bailey²,

Pauley³

et al. 1997

Can. J. For. Res.

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Clonal propagation of superior genotypes of commercially important forest trees via somatic embryogenesis has been hindered by a general inability to initiate embryogenic cultures from tissues of mature trees. We tested staminate inflorescences of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) as a source of cells that might be redetermined from their differentiated state to an embryogenic state. Buds containing staminate inflorescences were collected from seven sweetgum clones at varying stages of elongation prior to and continuing through bud break. Inflorescence tissues were cultured on medium containing thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with 2,4-D. Although most cultures were lost to contamination or killed by disinfestation treatments, the least expanded inflorescences from buds of one clone produced eight independent embryogenic cultures following culture on 0.01-1 mg/L TDZ, either continuously or as a 1-week pulse followed by transfer to basal medium. Repetitive embryogenesis continued on medium containing 0.01 mg/L TDZ. While most embryos were malformed, embryos from two of the clones germinated on basal medium lacking casein hydrolysate, and germinants from one of these converted to plantlets that were acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. These preliminary results indicate that tissues from inflorescences of mature sweetgum trees have the ability to produce embryogenic cultures, thus providing a potential route for large-scale cloning of superior genotypes.Résumé : Chez les essences forestières d'intérêt commercial, la multiplication clonale des génotypes supérieurs via l'embryogenèse somatique s'est en général heurtée à l'incapacité d'initier des cultures embryogènes à partir de tissus d'arbres matures. Nous avons testé les inflorescences staminées du liquidambar d'Amérique (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) comme sources de cellules qui pourraient se redéterminer d'un état différentié à un état embryogène. Des bourgeons contenant des inflorescences staminées ont été récoltés sur sept clones de liquidambar d'Amérique à différents stades d'élongation, depuis les stades antérieurs au débourrement jusque pendant le débourrement. Les tissus des inflorescences ont été cultivés sur un milieu contenant du thidiazuron (TDZ) seul ou combiné avec du 2,4-D. Bien que la plupart des cultures aient été perdues par contamination ou tuées lors des traitements de désinfection, les inflorescences les moins développées des bourgeons d'un clone ont produit huit cultures embryogènes indépendantes après avoir été cultivées sur un milieu contenant 0,01-1 mg/L de TDZ, que ce soit de façon continue ou pendant une semaine suivi d'un transfert sur milieu basal. Une embryogenèse répétitive s'est poursuivi sur le milieu contenant 0,01 mg/L de TDZ. Alors que la plupart des embryons étaient mal formés, les embryons de deux clones ont germé sur un milieu basal sans hydrolysat de caséine; les embryons germés d'un des clones se sont développés en plantules qui ont été acclimatées aux conditions de serre. Ces résultats préliminaires indiquent...

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Aesculus hippocastanum L. by Culture of Filament Callus

Cited by 44 publications

References 2 publications

Horse Chestnut: Cultivation for Ornamental Purposes and Non-Food Crop Production

Horse Chestnut: Cultivation for Ornamental Purposes and Non-Food Crop Production

High efficiency adventive embryogenesis on somatic embryos of anther, filament and immature proembryo origin in horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) tissue culture

Somatic embryogenesis from tissues of mature sweetgum trees

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