Somatic embryogenesis from pea embryos and shoot apices

Kysely, Wilfried; Jacobsen, Hans‐Jörg

doi:10.1007/bf00034751

Cited by 69 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…High endogenous levels of cytokinin in leaf tissues have been associated with lack of an embryogenic response in both Napiergrass and orchardgrass [48,49]. Among those legumes in which a callus phase is not evident prior to embryo formation, such as crownvetch [50], pea [51], and soybean [52,53], the frequency of embryogenesis is decreased when a cytokinin is used in conjunction with an auxin. In lupin species, addition of a cytokinin does not affect the embryogenic response if 2,4-0 is used as the inducing auxin, but does reduce it ifNAA is used as the inducing auxin [54].…”

Section: Role Of Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenic Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis

Merkle¹,

Parrott²,

Flinn³

1995

In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plants

210

146

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Section: Role Of Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenic Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis

Merkle¹,

Parrott²,

Flinn³

1995

In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plants

210

146

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“…The absence of secondary embryogenesis in the cotyledons of somatic embryos has been shown in several species, such as Aesculus hippocastanum (Profumo et al 1986), Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata (Chalupa 1990). In assays with zygotic embryos of Pisum sativum, the formation of embryogenic callus was associated exclusively with the embryonic axis and was independent of the maturation of embryos and the combinations and/or concentrations of PGRs used (Kysely and Jacobsen 1990). However, some species in which cotyle-1 Author for correspondence; e-mail biocel@fc.udg.es.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histology of Organogenic and Embryogenic Responses in Cotyledons of Somatic Embryos of Quercus suber L.

Puigderrajols

Celestino

Suils

et al. 2000

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. In cork oak (Quercus suber L.), recurrent embryogenesis is produced in vitro through autoembryony without exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs); secondary embryos appear on the embryo axis but seldom on cotyledons. Focusing mainly on the histological origin of neoformations, we investigated the influence of the embryo axis and exogenous PGRs on the embryogenic potential of somatic embryo cotyledons. Isolated cotyledons of somatic embryos became necrotic when cultured on PGR-free medium but gave secondary embryos when cultured on media containing benzyladenine and naphthaleneacetic acid. Cotyledons of cork oak somatic embryos are competent to give embryogenic responses. Isolated cotyledons without a petiole showed a lower percentage of embryogenic response than did those with a petiole. In petioles, somatic embryos arose from inner parenchyma tissues following a multicellular budding pattern. Joined to the embryo axis, cotyledons did not show morphogenic responses when cultured on PGR-free medium but revealed budlike and phylloid formations when cultured on medium with PGRs. The different morphogenic behavior displayed by somatic cotyledons indicates an influence of the embryo axis and indicates a relationship between organogenic and embryogenic regeneration pathways. HISTOLOGY OF ORGANOGENIC AND EMBRYOGENIC RESPONSES IN COTYLEDONS OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF QUERCUS SUBER L.

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“…Induction of somatic embryogenesis by cytokinin alone is rare but it is required for induction of somatic embryos from intact seedlings of Phaseolus species (Malik and Saxena, 1992a). In contrast, its presence strongly inhibited direct somatic embryo induction in pea and soybean (Kysley and Jacobsen, 1990;Lazzeri et al, 1987). The highly embryogenic effect of cytokinin is observed for indirect somatic embryogenesis after an extensive callus induction step notably in the genera Medicago and Trifolium.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 93%

Transformation of leguminous plants to study symbiotic interactions

Iantcheva

Mysore²,

Ratet³

2013

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Legume plants are important in agriculture because they represent an important source of protein for human and animal consumption. This high protein content results from their capacity to use atmospheric nitrogen for their nutrition as a consequence of their symbiotic interaction with rhizobia. Understanding this interaction at the molecular level is a prerequisite for its better use in agriculture and for the long term objective of its transfer to other crops. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a tool of choice for studying this interaction and for unraveling the function of the different genes discovered through classical genetic approaches. However, legume plants are often recalcitrant to regeneration and transformation. This paper describes the technology developments (regeneration, transformation, insertion mutagenesis) related to Agrobacterium transformations that were established in the legume plants, as well as different examples of the technology developments or gene discoveries resulting from these studies. KEY WORDS: legume plant, agrobacterium, rhizobium, transformation, symbiosis Legumes and their importanceAmongst the mineral nutrients required by plants, nitrogen is the most important but its availability is unfortunately low in most soils. The intensive use of industrial nitrogen fertilizers in modern agriculture in the last 50 years has allowed the development of very productive crops, but their intensive use also resulted in eutrophication of continental waters including some areas in Europe. There is thus a strong need to reduce application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and improve alternative nitrogen inputs (Graham and Vance 2003;Ferguson et al., 2010) in agriculture. A key contribution of legumes to sustainable agriculture and nitrogen cycle is their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in most agricultural ecosystems. They form specialized organs, the root nodules, in association with specific soil bacteria called rhizobia (including the genera Azorhizobium, Allorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium). In these organs the bacteria differentiate into a form called the bacteroids and catalyze the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N 2 ) into ammonia using the nitrogenase enzyme complex. This process is commonly referred as "symbiotic nitrogen Abbreviations used in this paper: AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; N2, nitrogen gas; NF, Nod factor; TDZ, thidiazuron; T-DNA, agrobacterium tranfered DNA.feed, and vegetable oil. They represent the third largest group of angiosperms and are the second largest group of food and feed crops grown worldwide. These plants are cultivated on 12-15% of available arable land and are responsible for more than 25% of the world's primary crop production. Around 250 million tons of grain legumes are produced annually world-wide. The ability of legumes to enter into symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia provides them with a unique advantage compared to other plant species. For this reason legumes are called "green manu...

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Somatic embryogenesis from pea embryos and shoot apices

Cited by 69 publications

References 21 publications

Morphogenic Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis

Morphogenic Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis

Histology of Organogenic and Embryogenic Responses in Cotyledons of Somatic Embryos of Quercus suber L.

Transformation of leguminous plants to study symbiotic interactions

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