Somatic Embryogenesis: A Tool for Fast and Reliable Virus and Viroid Elimination for Grapevine and other Plant Species

Oláh, Róbert; Turcsán, Mihály; Oláh, Krisztina; Farkas, Eszter; Deák, Tamás; Jahnke, Gizella; Sardy, Diana Agnes Nyitraine

doi:10.3390/horticulturae8060508

Horticulturae

2022

DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060508

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Somatic Embryogenesis: A Tool for Fast and Reliable Virus and Viroid Elimination for Grapevine and other Plant Species

Róbert Oláh

Mihály Turcsán

Krisztina Oláh

et al.

Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a widely used technique in plant biotechnology, and it can be a possible tool for virus and viroid elimination. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of production of pathogen-free plants using somatic embryogenesis. Beside the well-known meristem cultures, chemotherapy, thermotherapy and cryotherapy, SE is a very effective virus and viroid elimination method. Production of virus- and viroid-free plants is categorized based on the latest virus taxonomy. The availab… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

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A mini-review on in vitro methods for virus elimination from Prunus sp. fruit trees

Szabó,

Desiderio,

Kirilla

et al. 2023

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Several viruses are known to infect stone fruit trees and cause serious problems in their cultivation; hence, it is essential to use virus-free and healthy propagation material to establish a plantation. As stone fruit trees are propagated vegetatively, both the scion and the rootstock should be pathogen-free. The traditional method for plant virus eradication is meristem culture after in vivo thermotherapy. Prunus species are extremely sensitive to high temperature and have low regeneration capacity from meristem explants which makes it difficult to apply the conventional method. To avoid the application of meristem culture it has become necessary to search for additional methods. The most widespread elimination methods are based on in vitro shoot cultures. It is a challenge to find an optimal method with high efficacy in virus elimination that has little harmful effect on plantlets. In the present study, we collected the elements of current knowledge about viruses and viroids that are able to infect Prunus species and reviewed recent methods that have been used efficiently to eliminate them from Prunus species, applying thermotherapy alone or in combination with shoot tip excision, chemotherapy, cryotherapy or electrotherapy. The key factors influencing the effectivity of virus elimination procedure and in vitro culture survival are also discussed.

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A mini-review on in vitro methods for virus elimination from Prunus sp. fruit trees

Szabó,

Desiderio,

Kirilla

et al. 2023

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Extracts from Early, Mature, and Germinated Somatic Embryos of Cotyledon orbiculata L.

Zengin

Cziáky

Jekő

et al. 2023

Plants

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Cotyledon orbiculata L. (Crassulaceae)—round-leafed navelwort—is used worldwide as a potted ornamental plant, and it is also used in South African traditional medicine. The current work aims to assess the influence of plant growth regulators (PGR) on somatic embryogenesis (SE) in C. orbiculata; compare the metabolite profile in early, mature, and germinated somatic embryos (SoEs) by utilizing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS); and determine the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials of SoEs. A maximum SoE induction rate of 97.2% and a mean number of SoEs per C. orbiculata leaf explant of 35.8 were achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 25 µM 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.2 µM 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3,-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea. The globular SoEs were found to mature and germinate best on MS medium with gibberellic acid (4 µM). The germinated SoE extract had the highest amounts of both total phenolics (32.90 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and flavonoids (1.45 mg rutin equivalent/g extract). Phytochemical evaluation of SoE extracts by UHPLC-MS/MS reveals the presence of three new compounds in mature and germinated SoEs. Among the SoE extracts tested, germinated SoE extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity, followed by early and mature somatic embryos. The mature SoE extract showed the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The SE protocol established for C. orbiculata can be used for the production of biologically active compounds, mass multiplication, and conservation of this important species.

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Towards Pathogen-Free Coconut Germplasm Exchange

Yang,

Nguyen,

Nulu

et al. 2024

Plants

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Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important palm species that serves as the mainstay of several industries and contributes to the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. International exchange of coconut germplasm has been undertaken for several decades to facilitate the conservation of selected varieties within global genebanks and for the distribution to farmers and scientists. In vitro systems are a convenient and an efficient method for the exchange of coconut germplasm. However, it is possible that these tissue culture systems can transfer lethal pathogens causing a threat to the importing countries. In this review, the following topics are discussed: the major disease-causing agents of concern, the various tissues that could be used for coconut germplasm exchange, and the techniques available for the detection and elimination of disease-causing agents from various transmission systems. Additionally, the lack of clear, science-backed guidelines to facilitate the exchange of in vitro coconut materials is raised, along with recommendations for future studies to ensure the safe movement of coconut germplasm without biosecurity risks.

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Somatic Embryogenesis: A Tool for Fast and Reliable Virus and Viroid Elimination for Grapevine and other Plant Species

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

A mini-review on in vitro methods for virus elimination from Prunus sp. fruit trees

A mini-review on in vitro methods for virus elimination from Prunus sp. fruit trees

Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Extracts from Early, Mature, and Germinated Somatic Embryos of Cotyledon orbiculata L.

Towards Pathogen-Free Coconut Germplasm Exchange

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