Somaclonal Variation: Its Genetic Basis and Prospects for Crop Improvement

Morrison, Robert A.; Whitaker, Robert J.; Evans, David A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0274-3_1

“…Polyploidy was the most common genomic change observed in cultured plant cells. It may originate de novo, e.g., via spindle failure lead ing to restitution nucleus formation due to prolonged exposure to phyto hormones in nutrient media, or may derive from pre-exi sting polyploid cells in the explant (Morrison and Whitaker, 1988). The results of the flow cytrometric analysis were displayed in a histogram of relative nuclear DNA content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Performance of Gynogenetic Sugarbeet Lines

Svirshchevskaya¹,

Doležel²

2000

JSBR

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In vitro techniques were used to obtain haploid and doubled haploid lines of gynogenetic origin in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Two pathways of regeneration were available for unfertilized ovule culture-embryogenesis and organogenesis. Regenerants were obtained from pri mary explants of diploid and tetraploid donor plants on MS nutrient medium supplemented with benzyla minopurine and sucrose. Flow cytometry indicated spontaneous polyploidization in all primarily haploid ovule-derived lines that originated from Belarusian culti vars. Mixoploidy that occured in doubled haploids was overcome through micropropagating apices of generative shoots. Performance of sugarbeet plants of ovule origin and hybrids produced with these lines indicated that prom ising breeding lines could be selected from gynogenetic lines.

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“…Somaclonal variation has been quite effective approach in generating useful variations in vegetatively propagated plants such as banana, papaya, strawberry and watermelon (Jain et al 2013;Krishna et al 2016). Somaclonal vari- ations are either genetic or epigenetic that are observed in plants regenerated from tissue culture (Morrison et al 1988;Evans 1989;Karp 1995;Brar and Jain 1998;Kaeppler et al 2000). These variations occur due to changes in chromosome number, insertions, deletions, mutations, translocations, transposon activity and changes in the DNA methylation profile which can eventually lead to increased or decreased vigour and changes in qualitative or quantitative characteristics (Bairu et al 2011;Krishna et al 2016).…”

Section: Somaclonal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Genetic Diversity in Banana

Suprasanna

¹

,

Ghag

²

,

Ganapathi

³

et al. 2019

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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Banana and plantains are one of the important fruit crops grown extensively in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The world production of banana is 145 million tons of which only a few million tons is exported, which means that most production is primarily for local consumption. The banana cultivars are derived from two diploid wild species, Musa acuminata (AA genome) and Musa balbisiana (BB genome). Majority of the edible banana cultivars are propagated vegetatively, and hence, the improvement of banana through conventional breeding methods is difficult. Attempts have been made to improve banana by inducing genetic variability by using both physical and chemical mutagens and exploiting the somaclonal variation a few varieties have been released for cultivation. Transgenic approach has also been used to incorporate the desirable traits into banana. Recent advances in genomics and the availability of genome sequence of both Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana helps in the improvement of this fruit crop. Also the recent reports of genome editing through CRISPR-CAS9 will aid in speeding up the banana improvement programmes in the near future. This review summarizes the various advances made in inducing genetic diversity in banana.

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“…Somaclonal variation has been quite effective approach in generating useful variations in vegetatively propagated plants such as banana, papaya, strawberry and watermelon (Jain et al 2013;Krishna et al 2016). Somaclonal vari- (Morrison et al 1988;Evans 1989;Karp 1995;Brar and Jain 1998;Kaeppler et al 2000). These variations occur due to changes in chromosome number, insertions, deletions, mutations, translocations, transposon activity and changes in the DNA methylation profile which can eventually lead to increased or decreased vigour and changes in qualitative or quantitative characteristics (Bairu et al 2011;Krishna et al 2016).…”

Section: Somaclonal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity in Horticultural Plants

2019

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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Banana and plantains are one of the important fruit crops grown extensively in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The world production of banana is 145 million tons of which only a few million tons is exported, which means that most production is primarily for local consumption. The banana cultivars are derived from two diploid wild species, Musa acuminata (AA genome) and Musa balbisiana (BB genome). Majority of the edible banana cultivars are propagated vegetatively, and hence, the improvement of banana through conventional breeding methods is difficult. Attempts have been made to improve banana by inducing genetic variability by using both physical and chemical mutagens and exploiting the somaclonal variation a few varieties have been released for cultivation. Transgenic approach has also been used to incorporate the desirable traits into banana. Recent advances in genomics and the availability of genome sequence of both Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana helps in the improvement of this fruit crop. Also the recent reports of genome editing through CRISPR-CAS9 will aid in speeding up the banana improvement programmes in the near future. This review summarizes the various advances made in inducing genetic diversity in banana.

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Somaclonal Variation: Its Genetic Basis and Prospects for Crop Improvement

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Production and Performance of Gynogenetic Sugarbeet Lines

Production and Performance of Gynogenetic Sugarbeet Lines

Induced Genetic Diversity in Banana

Genetic Diversity in Horticultural Plants

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