“…Proper to their small size, nanoparticles have a high surface to volume ratio, this increases the surface energy compared with that of bulk materials. The high surface to volume ratio together with the size effect gives nanoparticles discriminative different properties (chemical, optical, electronic and magnetic) from those of bulk material [1][2][3][4][5]. Different preparation methods have been reported for the preparation of metal oxide nanoparticle, notable examples comprise, laser ablation, gamma irradiation , electron irradiation , chemical reduction , photochemical methods, microwave processing, and biological synthetic methods [6].…”