Solvothermal synthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanotubes for visible-light-responsive photocatalysis

Jiang, Zheng; Yang, Fan; Luo, Nianjun; Chu, Bryan; Sun, Deyin; Shi, Huahong; Xiao, Tiancun; Edwards, Peter P.

doi:10.1039/b815430a

Cited by 122 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Finally, morphology also showed important, especially when 1D nanostructures have been developed, such as nanotubes and nanowires [63][64][65][66]. The higher photocatalytic activity of such systems is usually attributed to the high surface area combined with the short diffusion path of the photoexcited species across the bulk to reach the surface, where the reactants are adsorbed [66].…”

Section: Materials and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

Rossetti

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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This paper focuses on the application of photocatalysis to hydrogen production from organic substrates. This process, usually called photoreforming, makes use of semiconductors to promote redox reactions, namely, the oxidation of organic molecules and the reduction of H + to H 2 . This may be an interesting and fully sustainable way to produce this interesting fuel, provided that materials efficiency becomes sufficient and solar light can be effectively harvested. After a first introduction to the key features of the photoreforming process, the attention will be directed to the needs for materials development correlated to the existing knowledge on reaction mechanisms. Examples are then given on the photoreforming of alcohols, the most studied topic, especially in the case of methanol and carbohydrates. Finally, some examples of more complex but more interesting substrates, such as waste solutions, are proposed.

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Section: Materials and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

Rossetti

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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“…Several groups of novel efficient photocatalysts have recently been discovered, including oxynitrides (e.g. Ga 1−x Zn x O 1−y N y ; Maeda et al 2006;Jiang et al 2008; Figure 12. Natural photosynthesis uses solar energy to recycle CO 2 (and H 2 O) into new plant life (biomass) and ultimately fuels (biofuels).…”

Section: D) Photochemical Production Of Synthetic Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning carbon dioxide into fuel

Jiang

Xiao

Кузнецов

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

397

289

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Our present dependence on fossil fuels means that, as our demand for energy inevitably increases, so do emissions of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). To avoid the obvious consequences on climate change, the concentration of such greenhouse gases in the atmosphere must be stabilized. But, as populations grow and economies develop, future demands now ensure that energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. This unique set of (coupled) challenges also means that science and engineering have a unique opportunity-and a burgeoning challenge-to apply their understanding to provide sustainable energy solutions. Integrated carbon capture and subsequent sequestration is generally advanced as the most promising option to tackle greenhouse gases in the short to medium term. Here, we provide a brief overview of an alternative mid-to long-term option, namely, the capture and conversion of CO 2 , to produce sustainable, synthetic hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuels, most notably for transportation purposes.Basically, the approach centres on the concept of the large-scale re-use of CO 2 released by human activity to produce synthetic fuels, and how this challenging approach could assume an important role in tackling the issue of global CO 2 emissions. We highlight three possible strategies involving CO 2 conversion by physico-chemical approaches: sustainable (or renewable) synthetic methanol, syngas production derived from flue gases from coal-, gas-or oil-fired electric power stations, and photochemical production of synthetic fuels. The use of CO 2 to synthesize commodity chemicals is covered elsewhere (Arakawa et al. 2001 Chem. Rev. 101, 953-996); this review is focused on the possibilities for the conversion of CO 2 to fuels. Although these three prototypical areas differ in their ultimate applications, the underpinning thermodynamic considerations centre on the conversionand hence the utilization-of CO 2 . Here, we hope to illustrate that advances in the science and engineering of materials are critical for these new energy technologies, and specific examples are given for all three examples.With sufficient advances, and institutional and political support, such scientific and technological innovations could help to regulate/stabilize the CO 2 levels in the atmosphere and thereby extend the use of fossil-fuel-derived feedstocks.

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“…In those methodologies, the involved solvent, surfactant template and chemical sources of Ti and N controlled the hydrolysis, nitriding and crystallization processes and thus determined the mesoporosity of the resultant TON. 15,16 In particular, the alternative nitrogen sources to NH 3 , such as NH 4 Cl, 13 urea, 15,17,18 HMT, 19 glycine 16 and thiourea, 20 are plausible for realizing low-temperature nitriding. Solvent evaporation induced assembly (SEISA) has been demonstrated to be an excellent route to prepare meso-TiO 2 thin lms, 12 in terms of its great exibility in handling the synthesis system (solvents, surfactant templates and precursors).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,8 Despite the fact that enormous advances have been achieved in the control of N-doping level, morphology, crystallite size and crystallinity of TiO 2Àx N x , 9-11 synthesis of mesoporous TiO 2Àx N x (meso-TON) remains a great challenge because the mesoporous structure is prone to collapse during nitriding and crystallization at elevated temperature. 8,[12][13][14] Ammonolysis is the most used nitriding technique for preparation of TON, though it occurs above 500 C. 2,10,13 Such a high ammonolysis temperature inevitably destructs the porosity of the primitive meso-TiO 2 , induces phase transition and hampers its applications in thin lm devices. 2,10 In order to retain its developed porosity, a few low-temperature methodologies, such as sol-gel, 9 hydrothermal or solvothermal combined with post-nitriding, 10,11 have been developed for preparing meso-TON.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2−xNx derived from the ethylenediamine-based complex

et al. 2013

Self Cite

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A facile solvent evaporation induced self-assembly (SEISA) strategy was developed to synthesize mesoporous N-doped anatase TiO 2 (SE-meso-TON) using a single organic complex precursor derived in situ from titanium butoxide and ethylenediamine in ethanol solution. After the evaporation of ethanol in a fume hood and subsequent calcinations at 450 C, the obtained N-doped TiO 2 (meso-TON)anatase was of finite crystallite size, developed porosity, large surface area (101 m 2 g À1) and extended light absorption in the visible region. This SE-meso-TON also showed superior photocatalytic activity to the SG-meso-TON anatase prepared via sol-gel synthesis. On the basis of characterization results from XRD, XPS, N 2 adsorption-desorption and ESR, the enhanced visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activity of SE-meso-TON was assigned to its developed mesoporosity and reduced oxygen vacancies. IntroductionMotivated by the discovery of the excellent visible-lightresponse of nitrogen-doped TiO 2 (TiO 2Àx N x , hereaer, TON),various nonmetal dopants (e.g. N, C, S, P, and halogen elements) have been extensively attempted to be doped or codoped into the TiO 2 matrix for narrowing its wide bandgap ($3.2 eV) and thus harvesting visible light. 3 Among those doped TiO 2 materials, TON is more desirable due to its low energy requirement for doping and superb performance in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.2,4-7 In practice, the mesoporous TON (meso-TON) is plausible because its large specic surface area (SSA) and developed porosity favour solar energy conversion. 4,8 Despite the fact that enormous advances have been achieved in the control of N-doping level, morphology, crystallite size and crystallinity of TiO 2Àx N x , 9-11 synthesis of mesoporous TiO 2Àx N x (meso-TON) remains a great challenge because the mesoporous structure is prone to collapse during nitriding and crystallization at elevated temperature. 8,12-14Ammonolysis is the most used nitriding technique for preparation of TON, though it occurs above 500 C. 2,10,13 Such a high ammonolysis temperature inevitably destructs the porosity of the primitive meso-TiO 2 , induces phase transition and hampers its applications in thin lm devices.2,10 In order to retain its developed porosity, a few low-temperature methodologies, such as sol-gel, 9 hydrothermal or solvothermal combined with post-nitriding, 10,11 have been developed for preparing meso-TON. In those methodologies, the involved solvent, surfactant template and chemical sources of Ti and N controlled the hydrolysis, nitriding and crystallization processes and thus determined the mesoporosity of the resultant TON. 15,16 In particular, the alternative nitrogen sources to NH 3 , such as NH 4 Cl, 13 urea, 15,17,18 HMT, 19 glycine 16 and thiourea, 20 are plausible for realizing low-temperature nitriding. Solvent evaporation induced assembly (SEISA) has been demonstrated to be an excellent route to prepare meso-TiO 2 thin lms, 12 in terms of its great exibility in handling the synthesis system (solvents, su...

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Solvothermal synthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanotubes for visible-light-responsive photocatalysis

Cited by 122 publications

References 27 publications

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates

Turning carbon dioxide into fuel

Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2−xNx derived from the ethylenediamine-based complex

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