Solvothermal Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnFe2−xAlxO4 (x = 0, 1, 2) Spinels in Aniline Methylation

Abstract

ZnFe 2-x Al x O 4 (x = 0, 1, 2) spinels were obtained by microwave-assisted solvothermal method using 1,4-butanediol as reaction medium. The results of XRD and HRTEM studies have indicated higher nanocrystallinity of aluminium containing spinels, and N 2 adsorption-desorption measurements have revealed their enhanced textural properties, in particular much higher specific surface areas. NH 3 -TPD method and cyclohexanol test have shown the variation of surface acid-base properties with the changes in the spinel composition. All studied spinels were active in aniline methylation and proved to be selective for N-methylation leading to N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline. The main advantage of aluminium containing spinels is that N-alkylation with methanol is possible at significantly lower temperature (200-260°C) when pure zinc ferrite is almost inactive.

Light-promoted N,N-dimethylation of amine and nitro compound with methanol catalyzed by Pd/TiO2 at room temperature

“…Hence, the reaction is green and eco-friendly and it provides an alternative route for N-methylation of amines. A few catalytic systems [21][22][23][24] have been specially developed for the N-methylation of amines and nitro compounds using CH 3 OH as methylating reagent but they still require high temperatures and high pressures. Moreover, these methods were limited to the poor generality or specic catalytic activity for specic amines.…”

“…[12][13][14] Unfortunately, these methods are oen problematic from synthetic or environmental standpoints. A few catalytic systems [21][22][23][24] have been specially developed for the N-methylation of amines and nitro compounds using CH 3 OH as methylating reagent but they still require high temperatures and high pressures. Recently, considerable attentions had been paid on the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols as the alkylation reagents.…”

Sequential Synthesis Methodology Yielding Well-Defined Porous 75%SrTiO3/25%NiFe2O4 Nanocomposite

“…The type of hysteresis loop provides information about the shape and connectivity of the inner pores [ 39 ], which plays an important role in the rate of gas adsorption. In our materials, H 3 type hysteresis loops are associated with a porous structure that has pores with irregular size and shapes [ 40 ]. For all analyzed samples a gradual increase of the amount of N 2 adsorbed from relatively small values of relative pressure is observed.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Trivalent Al Substituted Zinc Ferrite using Ethylene Diamine (EDA) as Ligand

“…Many industrial applications like alkylation reactions, methylation reactions, CO 2 reduction, alcohol decomposition, hydrogen peroxide decomposition and others are noted to be carried effectively by using spinel ferrite as potential catalyst. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Various routes have been carried for synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles like co-precipitation, solgel, micro-emulsion, ball milling, PVP capping as agent for synthesis, hydrothermal method and so on. [18][19][20][21][22] In the present Al substituted Zinc ferrite was prepared using Ethylene diamine as ligand.…”