Solvolytic Liquefaction of Bark: Understanding the Role of Polyhydric Alcohols and Organic Solvents on Polyol Characteristics

D’Souza, Jason; Wong, Song Zhi; Camargo, R. E.; Yan, Ning

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00908

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent years, liquefaction studies have been mainly focused on the use of phenol and polyhydric alcohols as solvents. For instance, Kishi and Fujita liquefied wood using phenol as the solvent and prepared an epoxy resin using the obtained phenol resin as a raw material [4,15]. The liquefied bio-based epoxy resin exhibited excellent mechanical properties fiber-reinforced composite material with good adhesion to matrix resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Prepared from the Liquefied Product of Cotton Stalk

Tuohedi

Wang

2021

Processes

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Liquefaction of waste lignocellulosic biomass is a viable technology for replacing fossil fuels and meeting sustainable development goals. In this study, bio-based epoxy resins were prepared from polyhydric-alcohol-liquefied cotton stalk by glycidyl etherification. The cotton stalk was liquefied in a polyethylene glycol/glycerol cosolvent under H2SO4 catalysis. Epon 828 and cotton-stalk-based epoxy resins could be cured using methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride as the curing agent, and the curing process was exothermic. The thermal properties and tensile strength of cured resins were investigated to examine the effect of adding cotton-stalk-based resin on the performance of the copolymerized epoxy resin. Further, the liquefied-cotton-stalk-based epoxy resin was blended with Epon 828 at different ratios (10, 20, and 30 mass%) and cured with a curing agent in the presence of 2-methylimidazole catalyst. An increase in the peak temperature and a reduction in the heat of curing and activation energy of the Epon 828 epoxy resin was observed with increasing content of the cotton-stalk-based epoxy resin. The tensile strength (35.4 MPa) and elastic modulus (1.5 GPa) of the highly crosslinked cotton-stalk-based epoxy resin were equivalent to those of the petroleum-based epoxy resin Epon 828.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Prepared from the Liquefied Product of Cotton Stalk

Tuohedi

Wang

2021

Processes

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“…Formic acid, ethanol and isopropanol mixed solvents were found to be more effective for lignin liquefaction than a single solvent performed at 380°C. 21 D'Souza et al 22 carried out liquefaction of bark in a liquefaction system consisting of polyhydric alcohol, glycerol and a co-solvent. Their results showed that the selection of polyhydric alcohols and organic co-solvents had a significant impact on the liquefaction yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional liquefaction of lignocellulose in 1,4‐dioxane–ethanol–formic acid co‐solvents

Wang

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Liquefaction has been considered to be a promising way to convert lignocellulosic biomass to high‐energy‐density and high‐grade liquid fuel. Generally, mixed solvents are more effective for biomass liquefaction than a single solvent because of the synergistic effect among the components of the mixture solvent. 1,4‐Dioxane, ethanol and formic acid with low boiling points are frequently used to liquefy biomass, although biomass liquefaction in recyclable 1,4‐dioxane–ethanol–formic acid co‐solvents (DEFCS) has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the liquefaction ability, feedstock adaptability and recyclability of DEFCS and provide a reference for industrial application. RESULTS The excellent liquefaction ability of the designed DEFCS was verified using various lignocellulosic biomass as feedstocks. Corn straw, corncob, bamboo and poplar could be efficaciously liquefied in DEFCS; moreover, herbaceous plants were more readily liquefied in DEFCS than woody plants. A low residue yield of 1.79% could be achieved when corn straw was liquefied in the ternary mixed solvents (25:25:9, v/v/v) at 250 °C for 120 min. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol with a content of 29.33% and 4‐ethylphenol with a content of 11.08% were the main components of ethyl acetate‐soluble products (EASP) in bio‐oil, illustrating the directional conversion of corn straw by liquefaction. DEFCS exhibited good recycling potential and successive use for four times was feasible. CONCLUSION The results were indicative of favorable liquefaction ability, feedstock adaptability and recyclability of the complex solvents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)

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“…The OH number of CLW of 825 ± 11 mg·KOH/g was considerably higher than that of PLW (623 ± 8 mg·KOH/g). As reported by others, the number of hydroxyl groups in liquefaction polyols varies among different biomass type, and it is, for example, 200–1043 mg·KOH/g for wood, 109–430 mg·KOH/g for agricultural cops, and 132–585 mg·KOH/g for bark [ 31 , 44 , 45 , 56 ]. The high OH number of CLW was attributed to the cleavage of the ether linkage of lignin and cellulose units, and the decrease in the OH number of PLW could be due to the dehydration and evaporation of alcohols from CLW [ 29 , 57 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude and Purified Liquefied Wood Sawdust

et al. 2021

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Polyurethane (PU) adhesives were prepared with bio-polyols obtained via acid-catalyzed polyhydric alcohol liquefaction of wood sawdust and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). Two polyols, i.e., crude and purified liquefied wood (CLW and PLW), were obtained from the liquefaction process with a high yield of 99.7%. PU adhesives, namely CLWPU and PLWPU, were then prepared by reaction of CLW or PLW with pMDI at various isocyanate to hydroxyl group (NCO:OH) molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the bio-polyols and the cured PU adhesives were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Performance of the adhesives was evaluated by single-lap joint shear tests according to EN 302-1:2003, and by adhesive penetration. The highest shear strength was found at the NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.5:1 as 4.82 ± 1.01 N/mm2 and 4.80 ± 0.49 N/mm2 for CLWPU and PLWPU, respectively. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the cured CLWPLW and PLWPU adhesives were considerably influenced by the NCO:OH molar ratio.

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Solvolytic Liquefaction of Bark: Understanding the Role of Polyhydric Alcohols and Organic Solvents on Polyol Characteristics

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Preparation and Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Prepared from the Liquefied Product of Cotton Stalk

Preparation and Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Prepared from the Liquefied Product of Cotton Stalk

Directional liquefaction of lignocellulose in 1,4‐dioxane–ethanol–formic acid co‐solvents

Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude and Purified Liquefied Wood Sawdust

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