“…The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), whose neurons have been observed to respond selectively to relevant, attended information (Rainer et al, 1998a;Everling et al, 2002;Lebedev et al, 2004), as well as to maintain information over time (Fuster and Alexander, 1971;Funahashi et al, 1993;Miller et al, 1996;Rainer et al, 1998b;Markowitz et al, 2015), would seem likely to have the basic, necessary properties for solving the structural and temporal credit-assignment problems. Likewise, lateral PFC lesions are typically found to impair performance on tasks that have in common the requirement to use information about choice outcomes to guide future behavior (Dias et al, 1997;Parker and Gaffan, 1998;Mansouri et al, 2007;Rossi et al, 2009;Simmons et al, 2010;Rushworth et al, 2011;Kovach et al, 2012).…”