“…QAP can be solved by a variety of techniques: small or medium-size instances (i.e., with a few tens of variables) can be solved by exact methods such as dynamic programming, cutting planes, or branch & bound, but for larger instances (over 100 variables) one has to rely on incomplete methods such as approximation algorithms or metaheuristics in order to quickly produce good (but usually suboptimal) solutions (Munera et al, 2016;Ito et al, 2018;Abdelkafi et al, 2019;Fujii et al, 2021). Current research directions, in addition to develop specialized metaheuristics for QAP (Bagherbeik et al, 2020), investigate the hybridization of different metaheuristics by using portfolio approaches with parallelism (Duque et al, 2021).…”