Solving Environmental Problems by Recycling Municipal Solid Waste

Abstract

Multifaceted human activities are accompanied by the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which is one of the reasons that can lead to disruption of natural processes occurring in the atmosphere. About 80% of greenhouse gas emissions come from industrial processes. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, as well as lack of recycling or improper disposal of waste, can upset the balance of the ecosystem. In addition to industrial waste, municipal solid waste (MSW) is a source of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. When solid waste is used as a renewable energy source, significant amounts of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere. In this regard, the disposal of solid waste waste and subsequent processing can play a certain role in solving a serious environmental problem that concerns all of humanity. The article is devoted to the issue of environmental problems caused by the accumulation of MSW, which can become potentially dangerous for environment and human health. The objective of the study was to study the possibility of using fractions separated by a large MSW processing center operating in the country as secondary raw materials, as well as developing an environmentally friendly method for processing MSW for their disposal. The possibility of transforming the organic component, separated by sorting during solid waste disposal, into organic-mineral fertilizers has been studied. To neutralize the raw organic component of MSW from helminths, mineral waters of Azerbaijan were used, coming to the surface at a temperature of 25-75°C, containing 5-18% H2S As a mineral component of the fertilizer, phonolite is used, which is part of the rock of volcanic origin in the Lerik region of Azerbaijan, containing potassium, necessary for the development of plants. To eliminate the acidity of the resulting pulp before granulation, local shell rock was used. The neutralized organomineral component of MSW was mixed with pre-crushed phonolite until the nutrients were completely transferred into the pulp, followed by drying in an oven for 1.5-2 hours at a temperature of 100-110°C. The resulting mass was cooled for 30 minutes to ripen, then shell rock was added. During the processing process, organic compounds present in MSW undergo hydrolytic destruction. A technological process has been developed for producing potassium-containing organomineral fertilizer by processing the organic component of solid waste using local natural resources, which is protected by an AR patent. Keywords: ecology, waste management, municipal solid waste, recycling, organomineral fertilizers.