“…The challenges to optimal power flows are reported by Momoh et al [5]. Examples of some methods, which are used to solve the ED problem, include non-linear programming [6,7], sequential quadratic programming (SQP) [8,9], Newton's method [10], swarm intelligence such as particle swarm optimisation [11,12], genetic algorithms [13,14] and linear programming (LP) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Among these methods, LP-based methods are recognised as viable and promising tools in solving the constrained ED problem.…”