Solvents for Carbon Dioxide Capture

Abstract

Anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are considered the major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. The mitigation of this kind of CO 2 emissions relies on a portfolio of alternatives where CO 2 absorption appears as the nearest approach to be applied at industrial scale. Researchers have been focused on developing new formulations of solvents to make more competitive CO 2 absorption as a carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. In this sense, this chapter summarizes both the conventional solvents and the most recent investigations on this field. Chemical absorption is more suitable for a lot of industrial process due to the flue gas conditions: ambient pressure, low CO 2 concentration and large volume. Therefore numerous novel solvents came up in recent years and they are further discussed in this chapter. The most recent solvents, their mechanisms and kinetics and the advantages and disadvantages are also included. Finally, physical solvents are adequate in high CO 2 partial pressure applications and they are reported in the last section. Although physical absorption field is constrained to high-pressure flue gas, physical solvents provided higher performance in CO 2 separation process and their characteristics are also summarized.

Simulation and parametric analysis of natural gas sweetening process: a case study of Missan Oil Field in Iraq

“…In the absorption, the removal of acid gases is done by physical absorption using the physical solvents or by a chemical reaction with the acid gases using a chemical alkaline solvent or physical-chemical absorption by the mixture solvents. However, some new solvents for CO 2 capture have been proposed for the improvement of the energy performance such as Biphasic Solvents and lipophilic amine solvents [4][5][6]. They have some potential advantages in terms of solvent regeneration and cyclic capacity.…”

“…The improvements obtained using these types of solvents are based on its thermomorphic behavior. This phenomenon consists of the generation of two liquid phases after heating inside the reboiler [4].…”

Using seawater-based Na2CO3 medium for scrubbing the CO2 released from Bio-CNG plant for enhanced biomass production of Pseudanabaena limnetica

“…Best ones are aqueous amines. But the major disadvantages in its use are amine evaporation, corrosion of equipment and requirement of heat energy to regenerate the solvent [13]. As alternative alkaline sorbents, K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 have received a wide attention.…”

Optimization of novel nonaqueous hexanol‐based monoethanolamine/methyl diethanolamine solvent forCO2absorption

“…Numerous studies have been conducted on the possible carbon capture technologies, including precombustion, 3,4 oxy‐fuel combustion, 3,5,6 and post‐combustion capture 3,7 . The latter is preferred due to its ease of adaptability into existing processes 8 . Furthermore, multiple techniques of post‐combustion CO 2 capture are also being studied, namely absorption, 7,9 adsorption, 10,11 membrane‐based separation, 12 biological separation, 13 and liquefaction or cryogenic separation 14 .…”