The reversible self-assembly of a {Mo72Fe30} cluster into nanoblackberries in a dilute solution
of the relevant crystalline compound [Mo72Fe30O252(CH3COO)12{Mo2O7(H2O)}2{H2Mo2O8(H2O)}(H2O)91]·150H2O ({Mo
72
Fe
30
}
cryst
) was demonstrated by Liu, Müller,
and their co-workers as a landmark discovery in the area of polyoxometalate
chemistry. We have described, in the present work, how these ∼2.5
nm nano-objects, {M72Fe30} (M =
W, Mo) can be self-assembled into nanoblackberries irreversibly, leading to their solid-state isolation as the nanomaterials Fe3[W72Fe30O252(CH3COO)2(OH)25(H2O)103]·180H2O ({W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
) and Na2[Mo72Fe30O252(CH3COO)4(OH)16(H2O)108]·180H2O ({Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
), respectively
(NM stands for nanomaterial). The formulations of these one-pot-synthesized
nanoblackberries of {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
and {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
have been established by spectral analysis including Raman spectroscopy,
elemental analysis including ICP metal analysis, volumetric analysis
(for iron), microscopy techniques, and DLS studies. The thermal stability
of the tungsten nanoblackberries {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
is much higher than that of its molybdenum
analogue {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
. This might due to the extra three ferric (Fe3+) ions
per {W72Fe30} cluster in {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
, which are not part of the {W72Fe30} cluster cage but are placed between two
adjacent clusters (i.e., each cluster has six surrounding 0.5Fe3+) to form this self-assembly. The isolated blackberries behave
like an inorganic acid, a water suspension of which shows pH values
of 3.9 for {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
and 3.7 for {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
because of the deprotonation of the hydroxyl groups in them. We
have demonstrated, for the first time, a meaningful application of
these inexpensive and easily synthesized nanoblackberries by showing
that they can act as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
(HER) by reducing water. We have performed detailed kinetic studies
for the electrocatalytic water reduction catalyzed by {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
and {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
in a comparative study. The relevant turnover frequencies
(TOFs) of {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
and {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
(∼0.72 and ∼0.45
s–1, respectively), the overpotential values of
{W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
and {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
(527 and 767 mV, respectively at 1 mA cm−2), and the relative stability issues of the catalysts
indicate that {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
is reasonably
superior to {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
. We have described
a rationale of why {W
72
Fe
33
}
NM
performs
better than {Mo
72
Fe
30
}
NM
in terms of
catalytic activity and stability.