Solvent-free solketal production from glycerol promoted by yeast activated carbons

Catalytic Performances of the Nano FeCo Solids for Biofuel Additives Production: Incorporation of Promoter Effects on the Stability of the Catalysts

“…Remarkably, larger increases in catalytic activities are seen at 50 °C with conversion values higher than those at 30 °C over the aldehydes while a gradual drop in catalytic performance is observed when acetone is used as a substrate. Contrary, ron glycerol acetalization reaction using acetone as a substrate in the presence of acid catalysts illustrate that increments in the temperature give high glycerol conversions with selectivity to the cyclic acetals. ,, The reason for the lowest performance using acetone as a substrate is associated with a less available acetone molecule in the reaction when the reaction temperature is above 50 °C.…”

“…Contrary, ron glycerol acetalization reaction using acetone as a substrate in the presence of acid catalysts illustrate that increments in the temperature give high glycerol conversions with selectivity to the cyclic acetals. 17,26,27 The reason for the lowest performance using acetone as a substrate is associated with a less available acetone molecule in the reaction when the reaction temperature is above 50 °C.…”

“…In particular, the acetalization of glycerol in the presence of aldehydes and ketones (Figure ) produces valuable biofuel additives. − To date, good activities of iron-based catalysts in the acetalization reaction have aroused great interest among researchers. , Although acid–base catalysts have been considered the most effective materials in glycerol valorization reactions, the use of Fe-based catalysts in the acetalization of glycerol reaction is still restricted by issues related to low stability and, with almost all solids, leaching of the active sites. Nanosized Fe-based catalysts can represent alternative and suitable materials to be used in the reaction due to their chemical stability and leaching of the active sites resistance, which is why they have already been exploited for Fe complexes, oxides, and salts. ,, …”

Efficient adsorption‐photocatalysis activity of ternary ZnO‐Sm2O3‐MgO co‐modified biochar for dye removal

“…Organic pollutants from printing and dyeing plants, textile factories, and pharmaceutical plants have seriously discharged into the water environment, endangering plants and animals living in water bodies 4,5 . Hence, various approaches such as membrane engineering, 6 biodegradation, 7 photocatalysis, 8 and adsorption‐photocatalysis 9 are applied to treat water pollution. Although photocatalysis has low energy consumption, the absence of secondary pollution, and short duration, it is non‐effective in water pollutants with high concentrations.…”

Activated Bentonite Nanocomposite for the Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol in the Liquid Phase

“…However, the use of these catalysts presents several environmental issues and, for this reason, heterogeneous catalysts have been employed in recent years. Several solids can be mentioned, such as exchange resins [16], zeolites [17], modified activated carbon [18,19], silica-included heteropolyacids [20], and modified clays [21].…”