Solvent free acetalization of glycerol with formaldehyde over hierarchical zeolite of BEA topology

Sonar, Shilpa; Shinde, Akash S.; Asok, Aswathy; Niphadkar, Prashant S.; Mayadevi, S.; Joshi, P.N.; Bokade, Vijay V.

doi:10.1002/ep.12742

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…While, in the reaction between glycerol with formaldehyde, the produced hemiacetal formation is not a stable carbenium ion. Thus, the conversion value for the glycerol-formaldehyde system is relatively small as compared to the reaction where acetone is used as a co-reactant [57][58][59]. between glycerol with formaldehyde, the produced hemiacetal formation is not a stable carbenium ion.…”

Section: Ketalization Of Glycerol Over Clay Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Biodiesel has been successfully commercialized in numerous countries. Glycerol, as a byproduct in biodiesel production plant, has been explored recently for fuel additive production. One of the most prospective fuel additives is solketal, which is produced from glycerol and acetone via an acetalization reaction. This manuscript reviewed recent progress on heterogeneous catalysts used in the exploratory stage of glycerol conversion to solketal. The effects of acidity strength, hydrophobicity, confinement effect, and others are discussed to find the most critical parameters to design better catalysts for solketal production. Among the heterogeneous catalysts, resins, hierarchical zeolites, mesoporous silica materials, and clays have been explored as effective catalysts for acetalization of glycerol. Challenges with each popular catalytic material are elaborated. Future works on glycerol to solketal will be improved by considering the stability of the catalysts in the presence of water as a byproduct. The presence of water and salt in the feed is certainly destructive to the activity and the stability of the catalysts.

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Section: Ketalization Of Glycerol Over Clay Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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“…The poor catalytic activity of the ZSM-5 and Y zeolites can be explained in terms of the narrow pore structure and the hydrophilic character respectively. Dealuminated and desilicated Hbeta zeolites were prepared and applied to the acetalization of glycerol by Venkatesha et al [ 33 ] and Bokade et al [ 34 ], respectively. Both groups concluded that the enhanced catalytic performances were due to the increased pore volumes by dealumination or silication.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of [B,Al]-EWT-Type Zeolite and Its Catalytic Properties

et al. 2022

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EWT zeolite belongs to ultra-large pore zeolite with the 10MR and 21MR channels, which has good thermal stability, certain acid strength and good application prospects in petroleum refining and petrochemical reactions. However, EWT zeolite has fewer medium/strong acid sites, especially Brönsted acid sites, which makes it difficult to apply to acid-catalyzed reactions. The regulation of acid amount and distribution was achieved by boron and aluminum substitution into the siliceous framework of EWT. The physico-chemical properties of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRF, ICP, Py-IR, NH3-TPD and 11B & 27Al & 29Si MAS NMR. The results show that quantities of boron and aluminum elements can occupy the framework of [B,Al]-EWT to increase the density of medium and strong acid centers, with more acidity and Brönsted acid centers than EWT zeolite. In the reaction of glycerol with cyclohexanone, the conversion of the sample (U-90-08-10/U-90-H-HCl) is significantly higher than that of the EWT sample, approaching or exceeding the Beta zeolite. A catalytic activity study revealed a direct correlation between the Brönsted acidic site concentration and the activity of the catalyst. The U-90-08-10-H catalyst was also considerably stable in the catalytic process. This work shows, for the first time, that extra-large pore zeolites can be used in industrial acid-catalytic conversion processes with excellent catalytic performance.

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“…The optimal value of the concentration of NaOH was found to be 0.2M and the optimal time for the treatment was found to be 120 secs. [14][15][16] Higher concentrations of NaOH was found to weaken the crystalline structure of the zeolite. In some of the works, after the desilication process ion exchanging with ammonium nitrate solution was done to get back the protonic form of the hierarchical zeolite.…”

Section: Desilicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desilication is a well-known post synthesis treatment and it is one of the simplest routes to hierarchical zeolites. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Desilication is done under alkaline conditions and the usual procedure is treating with sodium hydroxide(NaOH). The optimal value of the concentration of NaOH was found to be 0.2M and the optimal time for the treatment was found to be 120 secs.…”

Section: Desilicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desilication provides more controllable mesoporosity and preserves the Bronsted acidity. [15,16] The transmission electron microscopy(TEM) image of the resulting zeolite discloses the crystallite i.e., the structural damage which indicates the removal of Si from the framework due to the Desilication gives the evidence for the generation of mesoporosity in the zeolite after the treatment of alkali.…”

Section: Desilicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchical Assembly of Zeolites: A Present Scenario

P¹,

Kumari²

2022

Eng. Sci.

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The never ending demands of various industries for improvised and more efficient zeolites have led to an enormous amount of research in the development of hierarchical zeolites. By the introduction of a hierarchy of pore sizes into the zeolitic structures, the accessibility to the interior catalytic surface has been enhanced many times leading to improved catalytic activity. The secondary pores consist of meso-and macropores which serves as an additional space for active surface and for functionalization of the surface. The most attractive feature of hierarchical zeolite is their ability for catalysing reactions involving bulky molecules without being concerned about frequent regeneration and replacement of catalysts. A wide variety of novel strategies have been developed for synthesis of hierarchical zeolites. In this review, the different synthetic methods have been categorized as destructive and constructive methods. Destructive method comprises of demetallation and irradiation, whereas the constructive method comprises of dual templating techniques, zeolitization of materials, nano particle assembly, template assisted synthesis and zeolite seeds. This review also sheds light over the large variety of industrial applications of hierarchical zeolites.

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Solvent free acetalization of glycerol with formaldehyde over hierarchical zeolite of BEA topology

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts

Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts

Synthesis of [B,Al]-EWT-Type Zeolite and Its Catalytic Properties

Hierarchical Assembly of Zeolites: A Present Scenario

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