Solvent extraction of Zn(II) by Cyanex 923 and its application to a solid‐supported liquid membrane system

Martínez, Susana

doi:10.1002/jctb.369

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this context, the use of ultrasound can be an excellent alternative to minimize sample preparation [3][4][5] and to avoid solvent extraction, 6,7 because its energy facilitates and accelerates some analytical steps, permitting less time consumption and decreasing the cost per analysis. Besides these characteristics, accuracy, precision, and handless manipulation can be achieved when ultrasound-assisted extraction methods are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Ca, K and Mg from in vitro citrus culture

Arruda¹,

Rodriguez²,

Arruda³

2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Apresenta-se um procedimento para extração de Ca, K e Mg de amostras de cultivo in vitro de plantas, comparando-se culturas de calo com diferentes potenciais embriogênicos de Citrus sinensis e Citrus limonia, com o emprego de energia ultra-som. Foram investigados os parâmetros relacionados com a extração de metais, tais como tipo de amostragem do material, concentração do ácido e tempo de sonicação. Visando a comprovação da exatidão, o procedimento de extração ultra-sônica foi comparado com o de digestão ácida assistida por microondas, e não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas em um nível de confiança de 95%. Com este procedimento de extração simples e preciso, foi possível estabelecer diferenças nas concentrações de Ca, K e Mg durante a formação/desenvolvimento dos embriões de Citrus, bem como entre as culturas (embriogênicas e não-embriogênicas). Finalmente, a extração ultra-sônica demonstrou-se uma excelente alternativa para menor manipulação das amostras e redução de custos operacionais.An ultrasound extraction procedure for Ca, K and Mg from in vitro plant cultures is proposed, comparing cultures of different embryogenic levels of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limonia, employing ultrasound energy. Parameters related to metals extraction, such as plant material sampling, acid concentration and sonication time were investigated. For accuracy check, the proposed ultrasound extraction procedure was compared with a microwave-assisted digestion procedure and no differences in the results were verified at 95% of the confidence level. With this simple and accurate extraction procedure, it was possible to determine differences in Ca, K and Mg concentrations during Citrus embryo formation/development and between cultures (embryogenic and non-embryogenic). Finally, the ultrasound extraction method demonstrated to be an excellent alternative for handless sampling and operational costs. Keywords: ultrasound extraction, FAAS, FAES, Ca, K and Mg determination IntroductionClassical sample preparation methods commonly used for biological studies are those based on dry or wet decomposition, 1,2 which, in general, require intensive sample handling and time/reagent consumption. In this context, the use of ultrasound can be an excellent alternative to minimize sample preparation [3][4][5] and to avoid solvent extraction, 6,7 because its energy facilitates and accelerates some analytical steps, permitting less time consumption and decreasing the cost per analysis. Besides these characteristics, accuracy, precision, and handless manipulation can be achieved when ultrasound-assisted extraction methods are used. 4 As an example, the application of ultrasound as an auxiliary energy source for solid sample treatment was made by Luque de Castro and Silva. 8 The authors emphasized different applications of ultrasound mainly related to sample treatment of agricultural, biological and environmental samples. Carvalho et al. 9 pointed out the sonochemical degradation that occurs inside extracted solutions when using the ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Ca, K and Mg from in vitro citrus culture

Arruda¹,

Rodriguez²,

Arruda³

2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…This can be explained by taking in to account the fact that Cu, Ni, Sn and Pb exist as cationic species at 2.0 mol/dm 3 HCl concentration whereas gold and zinc exist in complex forms which are adsorbed by Cyanex 923 as reported. 24,33,36) For exploring the separation condition between gold and zinc, the adsorption study of gold has been carried out separately from its synthetic solution containing 5 mg Au/ dm 3 at 2.0 M acidity. The results showed that almost gold (99.5%) was adsorbed on SIR within 1,800 s and ratio 25 cm 3 /g (aqueous/resin).…”

Section: Adsorption Of the Other Metals By The Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Separation of Cadmium from the Chloride Solution of E-Waste Using Cyanex 923 Impregnated Amberlite XAD-7HP Resin

et al. 2015

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Cadmium(II) is not only hazardous but is also an impurity in the leachate of electronic waste which is processed during the extraction of valuable metals. This research focuses on the removal of cadmium from the leachate of e-waste containing Cu, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cd, Zn and Au using a solvent impregnated resin (SIR). The studies performed for the extraction of cadmium from the high acidity chloride solution showed the effective removal of cadmium forming solvation compound with Cyanex 923 impregnated Amberlite XAD-7HP resin. In the adsorption studies, the kinetics was found to be a second-order rate and followed a Langmuir isotherm. The results also showed that SIR comprising Cyanex 923 is effective for adsorption of zinc and gold from the leachate. The loaded metals on the SIR were separated by using selective eluents, water for Cd and Zn, whereas thiourea eluted Au. The remaining metals in the raffinate could be further processed to recover valuables after removing cadmium and other metals by a suitable hydrometallurgical processes.

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“…The solvation reagent Cyanex-923 has proved its effectiveness in the separation of hazardous metals and mineral acids from various types of aqueous solutions (Alguacil and López, 1996;Alguacil and Martínez, 2001;Gupta et al, 2002;Regel et al, 2001;Rickelton, 1999;Saji et al, 1998;Wang et al, 2002), in which the stripping operation is more easily achieved than by the use of amine extractants (Regel et al, 2001;Wolters et al, 2002). Few data are available in the literature about considering liquid-liquid extraction in the treatment of stainless steel rinse waters, and thus the objective of this report is to study the factors that influence the extraction with Cyanex-923 of iron(III), HNO 3 , and HF and to determine the best conditions of their coextraction and selective stripping, with the aim of contributing to the body of research concerning extraction-based methods for recovering metals and acids from these wastewaters, with the consequent economic and environmental benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%