Solvent Extraction of Zirconium and Hafnium as Homologues of Rutherfordium by Triisooctylamine from HCl Solutions

Abstract

Solvent extraction of the group 4 elements Zr and Hf, homologues of Rf (Z = 104), by triisooctylamine (TIOA) from hydrochloric acid (HCl) was performed by batch method using carrier-free radioisotope

Development of new methods for aqueous chemistry on element 104, rutherfordium: Batchtype solid-liquid extraction and coprecipitation

“…As a preliminary experiment of SHE chemistry, various solvent extraction and ion-exchange (solid-liquid extraction) experiments with the homologues of objective SHEs have been performed. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Some works also tried to develop the new chemistry apparatuses. 24,25 Solid-liquid extraction experiment of Zr, Hf, and Th in the TIOA/HCl system is described below, which was applied to the online extraction experiment using AMBER.…”

Observation of the chemical reaction equilibria of element 104, rutherfordium: solid–liquid extraction of Rf, Zr, Hf and Th with Aliquat 336 resin from HCl

“…Overall, the Q d values of these elements were constant in all the time ranges studied, indicating that equilibrium in the extraction of Rf, as well as Zr and Hf, was accomplished within 10 s. This finding represents the first observation of the equilibrium state of the extraction reactions for SHEs on a one-atom-at-a-time basis, and the K d value of Rf at equilibrium was obtained. Based on these results, we performed the extraction experiment of Rf in 9.0 M HCl with shaking for 10 s. 18 Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the K d values of Rf, Zr, Hf and Th on the HCl concentration in the solid-liquid extraction.…”

“…In the online solid-liquid extraction of Rf and Hf, we simultaneously produced the isotopes 261 Rf (t 1/2 = 68 s) 9,10 and 169 Hf (t 1/2 = 3.24 min) 11 by the bombardment of a 248 Cm (685.2 μg cm −2 ) and nat Gd (69.6 μg cm −2 ) mixture (nat = natural isotopic abundance) on a Be backing foil (1.880 mg cm −2 ) with 18 O beams (an energy of 95 MeV on target and a beam current of approximately 0.8 particle μA) delivered by the K 70 azimuthally varying field (AVF) cyclotron at RIKEN. The product nuclei recoiling out of the target were attached to KCl particles in He gas (about 130 kPa) and transported to a chemistry room by using a He gas stream at a flow rate of 2.5 L min −1 .…”