Solvent Extraction of Sodium Permanganate by Mono-benzo 3m-Crown-m Ethers (m = 5, 6) into 1,2-Dichloroethane and Nitrobenzene: a Method which Analyzes the Extraction System with the

Abstract

Analytical equations were derived for the extraction of univalent metal salts (MA) by crown ethers (L) into polar diluents. Then, NaMnO 4 was extracted at 25 C by benzo-15-crown-5 and -18-crown-6 ethers (B15C5 and B18C6) from a water (w)-phase into a 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE)-one. So, the extraction constants of K ex1 and K ex2 were determined, where : distribution constant into NB) values with those previously-reported by other methods, the validity of the equations was confirmed. Additionally, extraction-abilities of the extraction systems with DCE and NB were examined, using component equilibrium constants reported before.

Extraction of Several Divalent Metal Picrates by 18-Crown-6 Ether Derivatives into Benzene: A Refinement of Methods for Analyzing Extraction Equilibria

“…That is, extraction experiments with M(NO 3 ) 2 , HPic, and 18C6 or DB18C6 were not performed anew. Other procedures for calculation were similar to those (Kudo, Harashima et al, 2011;Kudo, Horiuchi et al, 2013;Kudo, Kobayashi, Katsuta, & Takeda, 2009) described before.…”

“…Additionally, the extraction of CdBr 2 or CdPic 2 by 18C6 into various diluents with lower polarities, such as Bz, chloroform, dichloromethane, and DCE, has been studied . However, these papers (Kudo, Harashima et al, 2011;Kudo, Horiuchi et al, 2013) did not verify what kind of effect changes of M 2+ and L give on magnitudes of the individual distribution constants (K D,A ) of A  .…”

“…into DCE and nitrobenzene saturated with water (Kudo et al, 2011). Additionally, the extraction of CdBr 2 or CdPic 2 by 18C6 into various diluents with lower polarities, such as Bz, chloroform, dichloromethane, and DCE, has been studied .…”

“…For example, KLPic dissociates into KL + and picrate ion (Pic  ) in dichloromethane (Frensdorff, 1971) and water (Takeda, 2002) at L = dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether (DB18C6) and n = 1 and in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) at L = 18-crown-6 ether, 18C6, and n = 1 (Kolthoff & Chantooni, 1993); CaLA 2 dissociates into CaLA + and A  at L = dicyclohexyl-18C6, A  = dipicrylaminate ion, and n = 2 (Jawaid & Ingman, 1978). In solvent extraction, the presence of such equilibria means at least the presence (Kudo, Harashima, Katsuta, & Takeda, 2011;Kudo, Katsuta, & Takeda, 2012;Kudo, Horiuchi, Katsuta, & Takeda, 2013) of the individual distribution of A  (or MLA + ) into the organic phase under the condition that the free A  (or MLA + ) is detected in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, this distribution is related to an ion transfer of A  across a liquid/liquid interface, such as nitrobenzene/aqueous and DCE/aqueous ones, and then its distribution data have been connect with electrochemical properties of A  at the interface (Osakai & Ebina, 1998;Kudo & Takeuchi, 2013).…”

An Electrochemical Understanding of Extraction of Silver Picrate by Benzo-3<i>m</i>-Crown-<i>m</i> Ethers (<i>m</i> = 5, 6) into 1,2-Dichloroethane and Dichloromethane

“…− , into various diluents or organic (o) phases have been determined in course of determination of extraction constants (K ex ) for the extraction of some salts, M I A and M II A 2 , by crown compounds (L) [1]- [4]. Here, K D,A and log K = −1.01 1 [6] for the distribution into DCE and +0.05 for that into NB [6].…”