Solvent extraction of platinum using amine based extractants in different solutions: A review

Jha, Manis Kumar; Gupta, Divika; Lee, Jae-chun; Kumar, Vinay; Jeong, Jaeseung

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.11.009

Cited by 117 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The operational advantages of SX rely on high productivity of purified metals in continuous mode and flexibility to handle a variety of solutions. Extractants can be classified as acidic, basic (anion exchanger) or solvating, depending on the type of complexation with metal ions and will be discussed further according to their chemistry.…”

Section: Liquid–liquid Extraction Of Rheniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amine reagents are usually employed to extract the metal ions from acidic solution to convert the extractant into their salt form, which is nearly undissociated in the amine‐diluent solution of low dielectric constant . The stepwise mechanism to protonate organic species and extraction of metal and excessive acid in a tertiary amine system may simply be written as below:

Protonation: {[{normalR}_{3} N]}_{o r g .} + {[H A]}_{a q .} \leftrightarrow {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalA}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .}

Metal transfer: {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalA}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .} + {[M^{-}]}_{a q .} \leftrightarrow {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalM}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .} + {[A^{-}]}_{a q .}

Acid extraction: {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalA}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .} + {[H A]}_{a q . ((), excess)} \leftrightarrow {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}_{2} {normalA}_{2}]}_{o r g .}

…”

Section: Liquid–liquid Extraction Of Rheniummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complexation chemistry in liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium

Srivastava

Lee

Kim

2015

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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This review addresses the dearth of knowledge about the interaction of rhenium species with organic solvents during the liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium. To describe such interactions, the aqueous chemistry of rhenium in unlike media, the extraction mechanism and the salient role of thermodynamic properties are also discussed. Formation of a rhenium‐complexed species inorganic phase and competition between the extracted species during extraction is described by inner and outer sphere coordination. Emergence of a stabilized complex in a hydrophobic environment is greatly affected by the interaction of electrostatic and/or H‐bonding. The chemistry of liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium that can further assist future studies in this area is also relevant to other metal ion systems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Liquid–liquid Extraction Of Rheniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Protonation: {[{normalR}_{3} N]}_{o r g .} + {[H A]}_{a q .} \leftrightarrow {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalA}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .}

Metal transfer: {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalA}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .} + {[M^{-}]}_{a q .} \leftrightarrow {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalM}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .} + {[A^{-}]}_{a q .}

Acid extraction: {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}^{prefix+} {normalA}^{prefix-}]}_{o r g .} + {[H A]}_{a q . ((), excess)} \leftrightarrow {[{normalR}_{3} {N H}_{2} {normalA}_{2}]}_{o r g .}

…”

Section: Liquid–liquid Extraction Of Rheniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexation chemistry in liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium

Srivastava

Lee

Kim

2015

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…The leach solutions containing Pd(II) and Pt(IV) as well as other metal ions are very often generated during the processing of various spent materials, i.e., spent catalysts (Sarioglan 2013). Selective separation of the precious metal ions from chloride leach liquors is difficult, because these metal ions exist usually as the anionic chlorocomplexes and show similar physicochemical properties (Jha et al 2014). Chloride leach liquors of spent automobile catalysts contain usually mixture of various metal ions such as Pd(II), Pt(IV), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Mn(II) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitated transport of palladium(II) across polymer inclusion membrane with ammonium ionic liquid as effective carrier

Pośpiech

2017

Chem. Pap.

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This work focuses on the application of polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) with tricaprylmethylammonium thiosalicylate, [A336][TS] (TOMATS), a thiol-containing task-specific ionic liquid for the transport of Pd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. 0.3 M thiourea in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid was found the most effective stripping phase in the transport of Pd(II) from membrane phase containing TOMATS. Separation of Pd(II) ions was also carried out from hydrochloric acid solution containing Pt(IV), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Mn(II). Pd(II) ions were preferably transported in the presence of these metal ions. The separation coefficients followed the order:[TS] proved to be an excellent ion carrier for Pd(II) from hydrochloric acid solution. The results also showed that transport efficiency of the PIM was reproducible and it can be useful for the development of the simple and highly effective method of Pd(II) recovery from leach liquor of spent catalysts.

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“…The separation and purification of PGMs from their solutions is one of the most difficult areas in precious metal refining, mainly due to their complex solution chemistry , . Solvent extraction is a promising separation technique based on the control of the type of metal species in the aqueous phase in the presence of some additives . Several methods of chemical speciation have been developed based on chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquanitrato Complexes of Palladium, Rhodium, and Platinum: A Comparative¹⁵N NMR and DFT Study

2018

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The accurate prediction of 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts for three sets of nitrato and mixed‐ligand aquanitrato rhodium (9 complexes), palladium (11 complexes) and platinum (11 complexes) systems was achieved using density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the GIAO‐PBE0/ADZP(M)∪6‐31+G(d)(E)/PCM (M = Rh, Pd, or Pt, E = main group element) computational protocol. A comparison of δcalcd 15N NMR chemical shifts with δexptl 15N NMR chemical shifts reveals that the DFT calculations correctly predict the division of signals into two groups, the first one involving the PdII, PtII, and RhIII nitrato complexes, and the second the PtIV and PdIV nitrato complexes. Hydrogen bonds and the number of nitrato ligands and their coordination mode remarkably affect the δcalcd 15N chemical shift. Generally, the experimentally observed chemical shifts are found in a sufficiently narrower range for each metal center in comparison to the calculated ones due to an averaging action of the outer‐sphere interactions of complexes with external molecules of water and nitric acid.

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Solvent extraction of platinum using amine based extractants in different solutions: A review

Cited by 117 publications

References 36 publications

Complexation chemistry in liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium

Complexation chemistry in liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium

Facilitated transport of palladium(II) across polymer inclusion membrane with ammonium ionic liquid as effective carrier

Aquanitrato Complexes of Palladium, Rhodium, and Platinum: A Comparative¹⁵N NMR and DFT Study

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Solvent extraction of platinum using amine based extractants in different solutions: A review

Cited by 117 publications

References 36 publications

Complexation chemistry in liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium

Complexation chemistry in liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium

Facilitated transport of palladium(II) across polymer inclusion membrane with ammonium ionic liquid as effective carrier

Aquanitrato Complexes of Palladium, Rhodium, and Platinum: A Comparative15N NMR and DFT Study

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Aquanitrato Complexes of Palladium, Rhodium, and Platinum: A Comparative¹⁵N NMR and DFT Study