Solvent extraction of Hf(IV) from acidic chloride solutions using Cyanex 302

Reddy, B. S. R.; Kumar, J. Rajesh; Raja, K.; Reddy, A. Varada

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.04.004

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The organic phase after stripping with 8 M H 2 SO 4 was washed with distilled water and then used for further extraction. The results revealed no significant difference in the extraction and stripping efficiency of the extractant within a 10 cycle operation [67,68]. Gupta et al reported that Cyanex 301 exhibited a good hydrolytic stability, recycling power, and reasonable loading capacity in extraction and separations of Ga(III)/V(IV) from different mineral acid media [69].…”

Section: Recycling Of the Extractantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The recycling of Cyanex 272/301/302 is necessary for their economic utilization in the solvent extraction process. In order to investigate the recycling ability of these extractants, consecutive extraction-stripping cycles were employed [49,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. The recycling ability of Cyanex extractants strongly depends on their hydrolytic stability [63].…”

Section: Recycling Of the Extractantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media

Nguyen

Lee

2020

Metals

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Cyanex extractants, such as Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301, and Cyanex 302 have been commercialized and widely used in the extraction and separation of metal ions in hydrometallurgy. Since Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 are the derivatives of Cyanex 272, these extractants have similar functional groups. In order to understand the different extraction behaviors of these extractants, an understanding of the relationship between their structure and reactivity is important. We reviewed the physicochemical properties of these extractants, such as their solubility in water, polymerization degree, acidity strength, extraction performance of metal ions, and the interaction with diluent and other extractants on the basis of their chemical structure. Synthetic methods for these extractants were also introduced. This information is of great value in the synthesis of new kinds of extractants for the extraction of metals from a diverse medium. From the literature, the extraction and stripping characteristics of metals by Cyanex 272 and its derivatives from inorganic acids such as HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3 were also reviewed. The replacement of oxygen with sulfur in the functional groups (P = O to P = S group) has two opposing effects. One is to enhance their acidity and extractability due to an increase in the stability of metal complexes, and the other is to make the stripping of metals from the loaded Cyanex 301 difficult.

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Section: Recycling Of the Extractantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Recycling Of the Extractantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media

Nguyen

Lee

2020

Metals

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“…Previous investigations have employed several extractants to extract Zirconium using a solvent extraction approach. Organophosphorus compounds have been applied in zirconium extraction processes such as TBP/HNO 3 [30,31], TBP/HCl [32,33], Cyanex 923/TBP mixture [34], Cyanex 272 [35], Cyanex 272/TOPO mixture [36], MAPO (mixed alkyl phosphine oxides) [37], Cyanex 272/TBP mixture [38], P204/DIBK mixture in NH 4 SCN medium [39], D2EHPA in kerosene [40,41], Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 [42][43][44]. LIX extractant systems were proved to be more efficient for Zr than other elements in different matrices [45][46][47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Partially Phosphorylated Polyvinyl Phosphate-PPVP Composite: Synthesis and Its Potentiality for Zr (IV) Extraction from an Acidic Medium

et al. 2022

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A newly synthesized partially phosphorylated polyvinyl phosphate derivative (PPVP) was functionalized to extract Zirconium (IV) from Egyptian zircon sand. The specifications for the PPVP composite were approved effectively via different techniques, namely, FT-IR, XPS, BET, EDX, TGA, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, XRD and ICP-OES analyses, which demonstrated a satisfactory synthesis of PPVP and zircon dissolution from Egyptian zircon sand. Factors controlling parameters, such as pH values, shaking time, initial zirconium concentration, PPVP dose, nitrate ions concentration, co-ions, temperature and eluting agents, have been optimized. At 25 °C, pH 0, 20 min shaking, 0.05 mol/L zirconium ions and 0.5 mol/L nitrate ions, PPVP has an exciting preservation potential of 195 mg/g, equivalent to 390 mg/L zirconium ions. From the extraction–distribution isotherm, the practical outcomes of Langmuir’s modeling are better than the Freundlich model. With a theoretical value of 196.07 mg/g, which is more in line with the experimental results of 195 mg/g. The zirconium ions adsorption onto the PPVP composite follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics with a theoretical capacity value of 204.08 mg/g. According to thermodynamic potential, the extraction process was expected to be an exothermic, spontaneous and beneficial extraction at low temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters ΔS (−0.03 kJ/mol), ΔH (−12.22 kJ/mol) and ΔG were also considered. As the temperature grows, ∆G values increase from −2.948 kJ/mol at 298 K to −1.941 kJ/mol at 338 K. Zirconium ions may be eluted from the working loaded PPVP by 0.025M HNO3, with a 99% efficiency rate. It was found that zirconium ions revealed good separation factors towards some co-ions such as Hf4+ (28.82), Fe3+ (10.64), Ti4+ (28.82), V5+ (86.46) and U6+ (68.17). A successful alkali fusion technique with NaOH flux followed by the extraction with PPVP is used to obtain a high-purity zirconia concentrate with a zircon content of 72.77 % and a purity of 98.29%. As a result of this, the improved factors could finally be used.

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Proposal of a New Hf(IV)/Zr(IV) Separation System by the Solvent Extraction Method

Saberyan¹,

Meysami

Rashchi

et al. 2008

Chin. J. Chem.

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A liquid-liquid extraction study has been conducted to separate hafnium from zirconium, using Cyanex 301 in kerosene. Noticeably, it is the first time that Cyanex 301 is utilized to separate Hf(IV) from Zr(IV). In this series of experiments, several parameters influencing the separation have been investigated, such as the initial pH, the extractant concentration, the metal ion concentration, the temperature, the type of the diluents and the salt addition. Regarding the aging of the Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) solutions, the solutions with a maximum 3 d aging time could be used with no difficulties. It was observed that the initial pH increase caused an increase in the Zr(IV)/Hf(IV) separation factor. Moreover, the distribution decreased with the temperature increase, suggesting that the reaction is exothermic. In agreement with the resulting data, the optimum separation factor illustrates the value of 7 at a pH of 4.00 in the presence of NaCl as an added salt. The attractive characteristics of the presently designed method are the use of low acidic nitrate solutions, the lack of using thiocyanate and a higher extractability of hafnium-Cyanex 301 relative to zirconium-Cyanex 301 complexes.

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Solvent extraction of Hf(IV) from acidic chloride solutions using Cyanex 302

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media

Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media

A New Partially Phosphorylated Polyvinyl Phosphate-PPVP Composite: Synthesis and Its Potentiality for Zr (IV) Extraction from an Acidic Medium

Proposal of a New Hf(IV)/Zr(IV) Separation System by the Solvent Extraction Method

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