Solvent extraction of gold (III) by the chloride salt of the tertiary amine Hostarex A327. Estimation of the interaction coefficient between AuCl4− and H+

Martínez, Susana; Sastre, Ana Marı́a; Alguacil, Francisco José

doi:10.1016/s0304-386x(99)00014-6

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…- [73][74][75] . Length effect of carbon chain in [CnMIM] + cation has significant impact in gold separation.…”

Section: Frequent Types Of Il Used Is [C N Mim]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, several extractants are used for gold extraction in commercial operation such as dibutyl carbitol (DBC), MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) and DIBK (diisobutyl ketone). Some companies developed commercial amine-derivatives as the extracting agents which was claimed to have better separation performance, such as Lix (LIX 84-I was used for nickel extraction, LIX 63 was used for copper extraction) 49,50 , Hostarex 51 and Cyanex 52 . Those were reported to give significant improvements in term of kinetic to reach equilibrium, organic phase diluent and the concentrations of metal and the extractant 52 .…”

Section: General Solvent Extraction Of Gold Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among selection of recovery methods, solvent extraction is the most efficient techniques to separate and preconcentrate gold. There are many selection of solvent for gold extraction such as amide derivatives 5,6 , calixarene derivatives 7,8 , and sulfur-containing reagents 9 . Nevertheless, those solvents have limitations in terms of selectivity and toxicity 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gold (III) extraction usually conducted in aqueous chloride media continued by using high molecular weight amines or tertiary amines diluted in nonpolar organic solvents. This way, gold (III) in the form of anionic tetrachloroaurate ([AuCl4] -) is extracted by cationic protonated amines 5,[13][14][15] . ILs have been said applicable to replace those solvents for gold (III) extraction [16][17][18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent extraction of gold using ionic liquid based process

Makertihartha

Zunita

Rizki

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. In decades, many research and mineral processing industries are using solvent extraction technology for metal ions separation. Solvent extraction technique has been used for the purification of precious metals such as Au and Pd, and base metals such as Cu, Zn and Cd. This process uses organic compounds as solvent. Organic solvents have some undesired properties i.e. toxic, volatile, excessive used, flammable, difficult to recycle, low reusability, low Au recovery, together with the problems related to the disposal of spent extractants and diluents, even the costs associated with these processes are relatively expensive. Therefore, a lot of research have boosted into the development of safe and environmentally friendly process for Au separation. Ionic liquids (ILs) are the potential alternative for gold extraction because they possess several desirable properties, such as a the ability to expanse temperature process up to 300°C, good solvent properties for a wide range of metal ions, high selectivity, low vapor pressures, stability up to 200°C, easy preparation, environmentally friendly (commonly called as "green solvent"), and relatively low cost. This review paper is focused in investigate of some ILs that have the potentials as solvent in extraction of Au from mineral/metal alloy at various conditions (pH, temperature, and pressure). Performances of ILs extraction of Au are studied in depth, i.e. structural relationship of ILs with capability to separate Au from metal ions aggregate. Optimal extraction conditon in order to gain high percent of Au in mineral processing is also investigated.

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“…- [73][74][75] . Length effect of carbon chain in [CnMIM] + cation has significant impact in gold separation.…”

Section: Frequent Types Of Il Used Is [C N Mim]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Solvent Extraction Of Gold Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Solvent extraction of gold using ionic liquid based process

Makertihartha

Zunita

Rizki

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…[1][2][3][4] Solvent extraction of metal ions with chelate agents such as LIX series reagents has recently attracted interest through hydrometallurgical and waste-water treatment processes. [5][6][7][8][9] An extractant containing sulfur as a donor atom has a high selectivity for platinum metals. Few works on the extraction reactions with such an extractant have been carried out.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction Mechanism for Palladium(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solution with 2-Dodecylthiomethylpyridine Using a Stirred Transfer Cell

Iwakuma

Baba

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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The precious metals such as silver, gold, palladium and platinum are important metals in industries such as catalyst, battery and electronics. These metals have stimulated the investigation of separation and purification by solvent extraction techniques because very high purity of these metals is required in these industries. [1][2][3][4] Solvent extraction of metal ions with chelate agents such as LIX series reagents has recently attracted interest through hydrometallurgical and waste-water treatment processes. [5][6][7][8][9] An extractant containing sulfur as a donor atom has a high selectivity for platinum metals. Few works on the extraction reactions with such an extractant have been carried out. 10,11 Baba and Inoue 12,13 studied the mechanism of palladium extraction with dihexyl sulfide, concluding that the ratedetermining step was the reaction between the intermediate of trichloropalladium-extractant complex adsorbed at the interface and the extractant dissolved in the aqueous phase. In the case of 1,2-bis(tert-hexylthio)ethane, the rate-determining step was the reaction of the extractant dissolved in the aqueous phase with PdCl3 -and PdCl4 2-in the aqueous phase, because 1,2-bis(terthexylthio)ethane had no interfacial activity and its aqueous solubility was relatively high.A previous paper 14 reported that t-hexadecylthiomethylpyridine (DTMP) including nitrogen and sulfur atoms has a high affinity for palladium, platinum and silver from an ammonium nitrate solution. In this study, the extraction rate of palladium with 2-dodecylthiomethylpyridine (DTP) from hydrochloric acid was examined using a stirred transfer cell. Measurements of palladium-loading capacity and aqueous solubility of extractant were also examined in order to elucidate the extraction mechanism. ExperimentalReagents 2-Dodecylthiomethylpyridine (DTP) was synthesized from ndodecylthiol and 2-chloromethylpyridine according to a conventional method. 14 The reaction mixture was evaporated. Water and chloroform were added to the reaction mixture and then the two phases were separated with a separatory funnel. Chloroform phase was successively washed using 0.1 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid mixed with sodium chloride as a salting out reagent, 1.0 mol dm -3 aqueous sodium hydroxide and distilled water. The final product was a viscous brownish liquid. Identification of the purified product was carried out using 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and FT-IR spectra. The product was identified as DTP and its purity was 97% as measured by gas chromatography. Selectivity of DTP for metal ionsThe aqueous phase was prepared by dissolving metal chloride into hydrochloric acid. The organic phase was prepared by dissolving with chloroform gravimetrically. Selectivity of metal ions was measured by a batchwise-method at 303 K for 24 h. 2-Dodecylthiomethylpyridine (DTP) was newly synthesized to study its extraction properties for precious metals. DTP was a selective extractant for palladium(II) and gold(III) over base metals. The loading test for palladium(II) showed that one pa...

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Simultaneous Au^III Extraction and In Situ Formation of Polymeric Membrane‐Supported Au Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Process with Application in Catalysis

et al. 2017

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A polymeric membrane-supported catalyst with immobilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared through the extraction and in situ reduction of Au salts in a one-step strategy. Polymeric inclusion membranes (PIMs) and polymeric nanoporous membranes (PNMs) were tested as different membrane-support systems. Transport experiments indicated that PIMs composed of cellulose triacetate, 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether, and an aliphatic tertiary amine (Adogen 364 or Alamine 336) were the most efficient supports for Au extraction. The simultaneous extraction and reduction processes were proven to be the result of a synergic phenomenon in which all the membrane components were involved. Scanning electron microscopy characterization of cross-sectional samples suggested a distribution of AuNPs throughout the membrane. Transmission electron microscopy characterization of the AuNPs indicated average particle sizes of 36.7 and 2.9 nm for the PIMs and PNMs, respectively. AuNPs supported on PIMs allowed for >95.4 % reduction of a 0.05 mmol L 4-nitrophenol aqueous solution with 10 mmol L NaBH solution within 25 min.

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Solvent extraction of gold (III) by the chloride salt of the tertiary amine Hostarex A327. Estimation of the interaction coefficient between AuCl4− and H+

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Solvent extraction of gold using ionic liquid based process

Solvent extraction of gold using ionic liquid based process

Extraction Mechanism for Palladium(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solution with 2-Dodecylthiomethylpyridine Using a Stirred Transfer Cell

Simultaneous Au^III Extraction and In Situ Formation of Polymeric Membrane‐Supported Au Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Process with Application in Catalysis

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Solvent extraction of gold (III) by the chloride salt of the tertiary amine Hostarex A327. Estimation of the interaction coefficient between AuCl4− and H+

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Solvent extraction of gold using ionic liquid based process

Solvent extraction of gold using ionic liquid based process

Extraction Mechanism for Palladium(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solution with 2-Dodecylthiomethylpyridine Using a Stirred Transfer Cell

Simultaneous AuIII Extraction and In Situ Formation of Polymeric Membrane‐Supported Au Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Process with Application in Catalysis

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Product

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Simultaneous Au^III Extraction and In Situ Formation of Polymeric Membrane‐Supported Au Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Process with Application in Catalysis