Solvent extraction of cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries: Dynamic optimization of the number of extraction stages using factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology

Vieceli, Nathália; Ottink, Thomas; Stopić, Srečko; Dertmann, Christian; Swiontek, Thomas; Vonderstein, Claudia; Sojka, Reiner; Reinhardt, Niclas; Ekberg, Christian; Friedrich, Bernd; Petraniková, Martina

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122793

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The coded equation is valuable for assessing the relative influence of these factors by comparing their coefficients. Another crucial aspect of the ANOVA analysis is the F‐value (Fisher's Variation ratio), which assesses the adequacy of the model and compares it to residual errors [30] . The model's F‐values, namely 9912.08 for Fe, 2878.5 for Co, and 0.8573 for Ni, indicate the significance of the regression model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another crucial aspect of the ANOVA analysis is the F-value (Fisher's Variation ratio), which assesses the adequacy of the model and compares it to residual errors. [30] The model's Fvalues, namely 9912.08 for Fe, 2878.5 for Co, and 0.8573 for Ni, indicate the significance of the regression model. For Fe and Co, there is only a 0.01 % chance, and for Ni, a 0.19 % chance that such a large F-value could occur due to random noise.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Extraction Data For Fe Co and Nimentioning

confidence: 95%

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Process Optimization Using Box‐Behnken Design for the Solvent Extraction and Separation of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel from Simulated Crud Solution

Panda,

Mishra

2024

ChemistrySelect

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The corrosion product deposit (crud) found on the surface of the fuel rod of the pressurized water reactors (PWRs) chiefly made up of nickel ferrite. Fe, Co, Ni and Cr are the major elements exist in PWR crud. Ascribable to the simplicity in execution, handling, and option for recyclability, solvent extraction technique has been broadly used in nuclear energy sector. In the present investigation, the recovery of iron, cobalt, and nickel has been studied from simulated crud solution in nitrate medium using a novel hydrophobic menthol‐decanoic acid‐based deep eutectic solvent. Process parameters such as pH, DES concentration and shaking time were considered as input variables, and concentration of Fe, Co, and Ni as response variables for the design of experiments. Response surface methodology via Box‐Behnken design using polynomial quadratic model was selected for optimization of solvent extraction experiments. A total of 17 runs were conducted and the results were used for optimization purpose. Complete separation of Co/Fe and Co/Ni is achievable under various extraction conditions. As per the BBD analysis, the optimization conditions obtained were pH=1.9, [DES]=2.99 mol/L and shaking duration=18.27 min. Under these conditions,the amount of Fe, Co and Ni extracted were found as 32.29 g/L, 0.2111 g/L, and 19.83 g/L, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysis Extraction Data For Fe Co and Nimentioning

confidence: 95%