Solvent extraction and entrainment problem

Spasić, Aleksandar M.; Manojlović, Vaso; Jovanovic, Mica

doi:10.30544/480

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Solvent extraction is a well-established technology for the separation of metals from aqueous solutions. Solvent extraction is economically used in the mining industry for the extraction and concentration of metals, particularly valuable or semi-valuable metals, such as copper and uranium [171][172][173][174][175][176][177]. Solvent extraction is economical for the extraction of metals from aqueous solutions due to the simplicity of the equipment and operation; however, chemical costs may be significant [172][173][174][175]177,178].…”

Section: Solvent Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvent extraction is economically used in the mining industry for the extraction and concentration of metals, particularly valuable or semi-valuable metals, such as copper and uranium [171][172][173][174][175][176][177]. Solvent extraction is economical for the extraction of metals from aqueous solutions due to the simplicity of the equipment and operation; however, chemical costs may be significant [172][173][174][175]177,178]. Typical hydrometallurgy processes employing solvent extraction include initial beneficiation (e.g., ammonia or acid leaching) followed by organic phase extraction [172,177,179].…”

Section: Solvent Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvent extraction is economical for the extraction of metals from aqueous solutions due to the simplicity of the equipment and operation; however, chemical costs may be significant [172][173][174][175]177,178]. Typical hydrometallurgy processes employing solvent extraction include initial beneficiation (e.g., ammonia or acid leaching) followed by organic phase extraction [172,177,179]. It has been shown that solvent extraction techniques may be used to separate lithium quantitatively and selectively from aqueous solutions [17,53,63,[180][181][182][183].…”

Section: Solvent Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic solvent extractants applied by the mining and metallurgy industry typically contain multiple components, including an extractant (a metal chelating or binding reagent), a co-extractant (an adduct forming synergistic reagent), and a diluent (a bulk solvent). Example diluents are kerosene, xylene, and alkanes, such as dodecane [172,177,179,180,199]. Extractants include neutral species, such as ketones, beta-diketones, or ionizable species, such as organophosphates (Table 10).…”

Section: Multicomponent Solvent Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of organic and inorganic compounds, such tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) or ferric chloride, serve as synergistic adducts (see discussion below). In some cases, extractants, such as bis-2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), are used alone [177,179]. More frequently, synergistic mixtures, such as di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and TOPO, are applied together to enhance selectivity or recovery efficiency [177].…”

Section: Multicomponent Solvent Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technology for the Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines

2021

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Lithium is the principal component of high-energy-density batteries and is a critical material necessary for the economy and security of the United States. Brines from geothermal power production have been identified as a potential domestic source of lithium; however, lithium-rich geothermal brines are characterized by complex chemistry, high salinity, and high temperatures, which pose unique challenges for economic lithium extraction. The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze direct lithium extraction technology in the context of developing sustainable lithium production from geothermal brines. In this paper, we are focused on the challenges of applying direct lithium extraction technology to geothermal brines; however, applications to other brines (such as coproduced brines from oil wells) are considered. The most technologically advanced approach for direct lithium extraction from geothermal brines is adsorption of lithium using inorganic sorbents. Other separation processes include extraction using solvents, sorption on organic resin and polymer materials, chemical precipitation, and membrane-dependent processes. The Salton Sea geothermal field in California has been identified as the most significant lithium brine resource in the US and past and present efforts to extract lithium and other minerals from Salton Sea brines were evaluated. Extraction of lithium with inorganic molecular sieve ion-exchange sorbents appears to offer the most immediate pathway for the development of economic lithium extraction and recovery from Salton Sea brines. Other promising technologies are still in early development, but may one day offer a second generation of methods for direct, selective lithium extraction. Initial studies have demonstrated that lithium extraction and recovery from geothermal brines are technically feasible, but challenges still remain in developing an economically and environmentally sustainable process at scale.

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