Solvent-extractable lipids of Sphagnum, Carex, Bryales and Carex-Bryales peats: content and compositional features vs peat humification

Lehtonen, Keijo; Ketola, Martti

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(93)90126-v

Cited by 84 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Presence of these compounds indicate SOC input from higher plants and mosses in peat deposits (Lehtonen and Ketola, 1993;Pancost et al, 2002;Oritz et al, 2010;Andersson and Meyers, 2012). At both sites, C 29 sterols as a group dominate over C 28 sterols (β-sitosterol (C 29 ) > stigmasterol (C 29 ) ≥ campesterol (C 28 ) > brassicasterol (C 28 )).…”

Section: Sterols and Triterpenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher Plant Alkane (HPA) index: This ratio was introduced by Poynter and Eglinton (1990) campesterol, and brassicasterol indicate input from higher plants and mosses (Rieley et al, 1991;Lehtonen and Ketola 1993). Stanols are the saturated counterparts of their respective Δ 5 -sterols produced through microbial hydrogenation.…”

Section: Specific Biomarkers and Their Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-proxy study of soil organic matter dynamics in permafrost peat deposits reveal vulnerability to climate change in the European Russian Arctic

et al. 2014

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) in permafrost terrain is vulnerable to climate change.Perennially frozen peat deposits store large amounts of SOC, but we know little about its chemical composition and lability. We used plant macrofossil and biomarker analyses to reconstruct the Holocene paleovegetation and paleoenvironmental changes in two peat plateau profiles from the European Russian Arctic. Peat plateaus are the main stores of permafrost soil C in the region, but during most of the Holocene peats developed as permafrost-free rich fens with woody vegetation, sedges and mosses. Around 2200 cal BP, permafrost aggraded at the site resulting in frost heave and a drastic reduction in peat accumulation under the drier uplifted surface conditions. The permafrost dynamics (aggradation, frost-heave and thaw) ushered changes in plant assemblages and carbon accumulation, and consequently in the biomarker trends too. 2Detailed biomarker analyses indicate abundant neutral lipids, which follow the general pattern: n-alkanols > sterols ≥ n-alkanes ≥ triterpenols. The lignin monomers are not as abundant as the lipids and increase with depth. The selected aliphatic and phenolic compounds are source specific, and they have different degrees of lability, which is useful for tracing the impact of permafrost dynamics (peat accumulation and/or decay associated with thawing). However, common interpretation of biomarker patterns, and perceived hydrological and climate changes, must be applied carefully in permafrost regions. The increased proportion (selective preservation) of n-alkanes and lignin is a robust indicator of cumulative decomposition trajectories, which is mirrored by functional compounds (e.g. n-alkanol, triterpenol, and sterol concentrations) showing opposite trends. The distribution of these compounds follows first order decay kinetics, and concurs with the downcore diagenetic changes. In particular, some of the biomarker ratios (e.g. stanol/sterol and higher plant alkane index) seem promising for tracing SOC decomposition despite changes in botanical imprint, and sites spanning across different soil types and locations. Carbon accumulation rate calculated at these sites varies from 18.1 to 31.1 gC m -2 yr -1 , and it is evident selective preservation, molecular complexity of organic compounds, and freezing conditions enhance the long-term stability of SOC. Further, our results suggest permafrost dynamics strongly impact the more undecomposed SOC that could be rapidly remobilized through ongoing thermokarst expansion.

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Section: Sterols and Triterpenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specific Biomarkers and Their Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-proxy study of soil organic matter dynamics in permafrost peat deposits reveal vulnerability to climate change in the European Russian Arctic

et al. 2014

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“…It comprises of green sphagnum moss that traps the sunshine and consequently results in heat accumulation in the deeper layers of peat (Kazda, 2000). In this upper aerobic part the degradation is fast, and the easily-utilizable plant constituents such as proteins and simple sugars, are rapidly consumed by microorganisms (Lehtonen and Ketola, 1993). Fibric peat has a fibre content of greater than 67% and more than two thirds of the plant fibres are identifiable (Mitsch and Gosselink, 1993).…”

Section: Moor Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These gases are thus important indicators of what degradation processes are active (Bozkurt et al, 2001). In coexistence with the slowly proceeding degradation, the humification process begins (Lehtonen and Ketola, 1993;Kazda, 2000). Hemic peat is intermediate in the degree of decomposition between the less decomposed fibric and more decomposed sapric peat.…”

Section: Moor Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Peat as a feed supplement for animals: a literature review

Trčková¹,

Mátlová²,

Hudcová³

et al. 2005

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:Peat is an easily available natural material and a source of biologically active substances widely used, not only in agriculture but in human and animal medicine as well. In recent years, interest in the use of peat as a feed supplement has increased, particularly due to its capability to prevent enteric diseases and to stimulate growth in piglets and pigs. The purpose of this review was to compare the advantages and risks associated with the use of peat for animal nutrition based on the literature available. Beneficial effects of various peat preparations on digestion, growth and the immune systems of animals as well as the absorbent and detoxifying capabilities are associated with the high content of favourable humic substances. One disadvantage of using peat preparations is the considerable diversity of the various types of peat caused by different biological, chemical and geological conditions during formation. Biological activity of various peat preparations is associated not only with fluctuations in the chemical compositions, but also with different application techniques. Based on the existing studies, it is unclear which application technique is most effective for respective animal species. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the problem, with the inclusion of farm animals. One potential risk of peat feeding is the possibility of primary or secondary mycobacterial contamination. As long as feed rations are supplemented with peat preparations, it is essential to minimise the potential contamination risk during mining, processing and storage.

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“…5a-Stanols are produced through selective natural microbial reduction of their respective~5-sterols (Wakeham, 1989;Lehtonen and Ketola, 1993;Jaffé et al, 1996;Bull et al, 1999Bull et al, , 2002, and only a small fraction of the latter is transformed to 5~-stanols (Gaskell and Eglinton, 1976;Grimalt et al, 1990). Thus, the 5a-stanol/sterol ratio is used as a proxy for diagenetic processes in recent marine sediments (Wakeham, 1989;Ranjan et al, 2015), lakes Oaffé et al, 1996) and peat bogs (Andersson and Meyers, 2012;Routh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Sterols and Stanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid biomarkers in Lake Enol (Asturias, Northern Spain): Coupled natural and human induced environmental history

Ortíz

Sánchez‐Palencia

Torres

et al. 2016

Organic Geochemistry

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Solvent-extractable lipids of Sphagnum, Carex, Bryales and Carex-Bryales peats: content and compositional features vs peat humification

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

Multi-proxy study of soil organic matter dynamics in permafrost peat deposits reveal vulnerability to climate change in the European Russian Arctic

Multi-proxy study of soil organic matter dynamics in permafrost peat deposits reveal vulnerability to climate change in the European Russian Arctic

Peat as a feed supplement for animals: a literature review

Lipid biomarkers in Lake Enol (Asturias, Northern Spain): Coupled natural and human induced environmental history

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