Solvent engineering for the formation of high-quality perovskite films:a review

Fabricating Planar Perovskite Solar Cells through a Greener Approach

“…Out of all the manufacturing strategies for perovskite films, solvent engineering [15], which was first presented by Jeon et al in 2014, has become one of the most important methods for fabricating exceptional perovskite films. Subsequently, many attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of PSCs, most notably the development of novel solvent systems and perovskite precursors [16]. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and N,N-dimethyformamide (DMF) are commonly used in solvent engineering to prepare perovskite precursor solutions.…”

Anti-solvent engineering enables efficient ambient-processed halide perovskite solar cells

“…These include optoelectronic properties such as high absorption coefficients, adjustable bandgap, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low exciton binding energy, and a cost-effective manufacturing process. 1–3 Their distinct characteristics render them exceptionally appropriate for various applications, spanning lighting, 4,5 lasers, 6 sensing and imaging, 7,8 and photovoltaics 9 (PVs). Within the field of PVs, a notable increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been recorded in recent years.…”

Challenges in Controlling the Crystallization Pathways and Kinetics for Highly Reproducible Solution-Processing of Metal Halide Perovskites

“…In addition, solution processing of perovskites begins by preparing a solution containing individual precursors or their mixtures in suitable solvents. The solvents used in perovskite solution processing not only yield a homogeneous solution, but also form molecular complexes with precursors, and thus can partly persists for a while even after casting films because other ions within the complex hold on the solvent molecules until extra energy is supplied to detach. , Spontaneous coordinative interactions can also emerge between transition metals and halide anions, resulting in the production of labile complexes. In particular, the Pb-containing complexes with halogens are referred to as haloplumbates. , This early stage of the perovskite conversion significantly influences perovskite crystal quality, with different haloplumbates initiating distinct pathways of perovskite crystallization. , Therefore, the details of the chemical conversion from precursors to perovskite crystals should be well understood to acknowledge the factors influencing the process even from the solution preparation, which should help for reproducible production of high-quality perovskite crystals in nanoparticles or single crystals and thin films.…”

“…The solvents used in perovskite solution processing not only yield a homogeneous solution, but also form molecular complexes with precursors, and thus can partly persists for a while even after casting films because other ions within the complex hold on the solvent molecules until extra energy is supplied to detach. 35,36 Spontaneous coordinative interactions can also emerge between transition metals and halide anions, resulting in the production of labile complexes. In particular, the Pb-containing complexes with halogens are referred to as haloplumbates.…”