Solvent effect on the free-radical copolymerization of N-vinylcarbazole with N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate

Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed P(St-co-DMAEMA) nanoparticles as pH-sensitive drug delivery system

“…The reasons for choosing styrene as the co-monomer are as follows: firstly, styrene has strong tendency to co-polymerize with DMAEMA rather than with itself (reactivity ratio of styrene is lower than 1 in the mixture of water and 2-butanone [28,29]). Secondly, polystyrene is a kind of material with low cell toxicity [30,31] and commercial availability.…”

“…As a result, the latex particles become bigger and bigger as the conversion of the monomers increases, and the P(St-co-DMAEMA) nanoparticles are obtained when the monomer conversion reaches nearly 100%. In this process, because the reactivity ratios of DMAEMA and St are both lower than 1 [28,29], St and DMAEMA have strong tendency to co-polymerize with each other rather than with itself. Thus, the resulted copolymer in the particles is a random copolymer.…”

Microemulsion and Conventional Emulsion Co-polymerizations of p-Methyl Styrene with Methyl Methacrylate

“…Also the values obtained from the ME copolymerization method deviate from the values obtained by CE co-polymerization method with HA as co-surfactant under the present study ( Table 5). The differences of the results obtained by ME and CE co-polymerizations with HA as the co-surfactant in these reaction media, and also deviations from the literature re-sults (Table 5) may be due to reasons such as temperature variation of the reaction medium [15], differences in the solubilities of monomers in aqueous phase [17,18,30], presence of the solvent HA in the reaction loci [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and differences of the monomer partitioning in different phases of the reaction media [17,18,28].…”

“…The co-surfactnt present in the emulsion globules along with the surfactant in the surface and with the monomers in the core. The presence of solvent, n-pentanol, in the reaction loci which is used as co-surfactant may bring about changes in these reaction parameters [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…The reactivity ratios should depend to some extent upon the conditions of the reaction-temperature, solvent environment, emulsion polymerization, etc. The effect of solvents having different dielectric constants, solubility parameters and dipole moments have been studied in the literature [1][2][3][4]. Other possible phenomena that can lead to the dependence of reaction velocity upon the nature of the solvent are complex formation or solvation of one monomer by the solvent [5][6][7], and preferential solvation of the polymer coil by one of the monomers causing heterogeneous repartition of the monomer mixture in solution (bootstrap effect) [8][9][10][11].…”