Solvent composition and chemical phenomena

Amis, Edward S.

doi:10.1016/0073-8085(69)80011-2

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The correlation of ∆ G # values with the inverse of the relative permittivity through the LaidlerEyring [12] equation is just satisfactory with an explained variance 100r 2 < 95% (0.762 < r < 0.974, 0.34 < sd < 1.42, 0.26 < Ψ < 0.75). The slope of these plots is negative indicating a decrease in free energy of activation with a decrease in relative permittivity of the medium.…”

Section: Solvent-reactivity Correlationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of Preferential Solvation on the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Oxidation of Anilines by Nicotinium Dichromate

Bhuvaneshwari

Elango

2005

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B

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The nicotinium dichromate (NDC) oxidation of anilines, in varying mole fractions of benzene/2-methylpropan-2-ol mixtures, in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) is first order in NDC and TsOH and zero order with respect to anilines in the concentration range investigated. The NDC oxidation of 15 meta-and para-substituted anilines complies with the isokinetic relationship but not to any of the linear free energy relationships. The activation free energy data failed to correlate with macroscopic solvent parameters such as ε r and E N T . Correlation of ∆ G # with Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic parameters (α, β , π * ) suggests that the specific solute-solvent-solvent interactions play a major role in governing the reactivity.

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Section: Solvent-reactivity Correlationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of Preferential Solvation on the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Oxidation of Anilines by Nicotinium Dichromate

Bhuvaneshwari

Elango

2005

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B

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“…K + , due to its similar ionic radius to OH − (1.33 Å) [58] and low charge density, is highly reactive with H 2 O and may more easily coordinate with the ice crystal structure [31], contributing to ice nucleation. Smaller ions with higher charge densities, such as Mn 2+ and Ti 4+ , may not fit as well into the ice crystal structure [31], inhibiting ice nucleation.…”

Section: Compositional Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

et al. 2018

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Volcanic ash produced during explosive eruptions may serve as ice nuclei in the atmosphere, contributing to the occurrence of volcanic lightning due to tribocharging from ice-ice or ice-ash collisions. Here, different ash samples were tested using deposition-mode and immersion-mode ice nucleation experiments. Results show that bulk composition and mineral abundance have no measurable effect on depositional freezing at the temperatures tested, as all samples have similar ice saturation ratios. In the immersion mode, there is a strong positive correlation between K 2 O content and ice nucleation site density at −25 • C and a strong negative correlation between MnO and TiO 2 content at temperatures from −35 to −30 • C. The most efficient sample in the immersion mode has the highest surface area, smallest average grain size, highest K 2 O content, and lowest MnO content. These results indicate that although ash abundance-which creates more available surface area for nucleation-has a significant effect on immersion-mode freezing, composition may also contribute. Consequently, highly explosive eruptions of compositionally evolved magmas create the necessary parameters to promote ice nucleation on grain surfaces, which permits tribocharging due to ice-ice or ice-ash collisions, and contribute to the frequent occurrence of volcanic lightning within the eruptive column and plume during these events.

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“…Even in aqueous media, comparatively small changes in the ionic strength can affect the complex stability and therefore the redox potential. 272 Although the various effects of the solvent in chemical processes have been recognized for a long time, 273 and attempts to quantify them have been made, 274 the development of a complete theory that would allow at least semiquantitative predictions is still to be expected. Second, ATRP reactions are often conducted above the ambient temperature, and the thermal destabilization of the complexes should also be accounted for.…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of the Equilibrium Constant K Atrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials

2007

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Solvent composition and chemical phenomena

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Preferential Solvation on the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Oxidation of Anilines by Nicotinium Dichromate

Effect of Preferential Solvation on the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Oxidation of Anilines by Nicotinium Dichromate

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

“Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials

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